An oral preparation of dichloralphenazone and paracetamol (Paedosed) was used as an alternative premedication to i.m. morphine and atropine in 562 children undergoing day-care surgery. From a series of observations made, both in hospital and at home, it appears that morphine has several disadvantages when compared with this mixture, provided that the latter is supplemented with i.v. analgesia f...

Morphine administered nasally to humans as a simple solution is only absorbed to a limited degree, with a bioavailability of the order of 10% compared with intravenous administration. This article describes the development of novel nasal morphine formulations based on chitosan, which, in the sheep model, provide a highly increased absorption with a 5- to 6-fold increase in bioavailability over ...

Pain due to intra- and extracapsular hip fractures is usually treated with opioid medication. Paracetamol (acetaminophen in North America) has better bioavailability when given intravenously than orally and has been successfully used in the postoperative care of orthopedic patients. However, no study has evaluated its use in the preoperative trauma patient. Our unit conducted a prospective, con...

BACKGROUNDS Evaluating the efficacy of the loading and tapering dose of Phenobarbital versus oral Morphine in the management of NAS. METHODS This randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted on 60 neonates born to illicit drugs dependent mothers at Vali-Asr and Akbar-Abadi hospitals, Tehran, Iran, who exhibited NAS requiring medical therapy. The neonates were randomized to receive e...

The aim of this randomized open-label prospective study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of buprenorphine in a transdermal formulation for cancer chronic pain control versus sustained-release morphine, in all cases combined with oral tramadol. A transdermal system with 35 microg/h buprenorphine was applied to the first group of patients (BT); the second group received 60 mg/day of sustain...

Background: Oral morphine is frequently used for breakthrough pain but the oral route not always available and absorption slow. Transmucosal diamorphine administered by buccal, sublingual or intranasal routes, rapidly absorbed. Aim: To explore perspectives of healthcare professionals in UK caring children with life-limiting conditions concerning assessment management pain; prescribing administr...

Background The amygdala is one of the nerve centers involved in drug reward. It is suggested that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is involved in morphine dependency. The CeA gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) system is a mediator of morphine rewarding effects. In this research, the effects of stimulation or inhibition of CeA GABA type B (GABAB) receptors on sensitization acquis...