The purpose of research is to know about the effect assertive behavior depression on diabetes mellitus patients. This study used pre-experimental design with ao ne-group pre-post test t design. sample 1 7 people selected by purposive sampling technique. results showed that category before being given treatment mostly in moderate as many (64.7%), and after a decrease number be 9 ( 52.9 %). this ...

BACKGROUND In this article, we discuss the purpose of sample size calculation in clinical trials, the need for it, and the methods by which it is accomplished. Study samples that are either too small or too large are unacceptable, for clinical, methodological, and ethical reasons. The physicians participating in clinical trials should be directly involved in sample size planning, because their ...

By imposing directional decisions on traditional two-tailed tests, you will overestimate power, underestimate sample size, and ignore the risk of Type III error. You can avoid these problems by using the directional two-tailed test. This paper demonstrates how to use PROC POWER to estimate the prospective power and Type III error for one-sample, two-sample and paired t tests for means, and bino...

To improve the reliability of statistically significant test results between two imaging systems in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, it was important to evaluate the variances among readers. In this study, we tested statistically significant differences with actual experimental data from ROC studies that were performed to evaluate the detectability of 4 kinds of image intensifi...

Testing linear combinations of normal group means with unequal variances and possibly unequal samples sizes using a t-statistic is a well known problem for which the effective degrees of freedom are unknown. ? and ? set forth their approximations based on the ratio of combinations of fourth moments, and their methodology remains the de facto standard. We propose a new approach that extends thei...

Virzi (1992), Nielsen and Landauer (1993), and Lewis (1994) have published influential articles on the topic of sample size in usability testing. In these articles, the authors presented a mathematical model of problem discovery rates in usability testing. Using the problem discovery rate model, they showed that it was possible to determine the sample size needed to uncover a given proportion o...

We propose a framework for analyzing and comparing distributions, which we use to construct statistical tests to determine if two samples are drawn from different distributions. Our test statistic is the largest difference in expectations over functions in the unit ball of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), and is called the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD). We present two distributionfre...

The goal of the two-sample test (a.k.a. the homogeneity test) is, given two sets of samples, to judge whether the probability distributions behind the samples are the same or not. In this paper, we propose a novel non-parametric method of two-sample test based on a least-squares density ratio estimator. Through various experiments, we show that the proposed method overall produces smaller type-...