Emergence is typically discussed in the context of mental properties or natural sciences, and accounts emergence within these contexts tend to look a certain way. The emergent property taken emerge instantaneously out of, be proximately caused by, complex interaction colocated entities. Here, however, I focus on instantiated by elements systems social ontology, such as being five-dollar bill pa...

Current interactive entertainment is not strategy-aware, in that it does not allow users to execute a wide range of real-world strategies in the context of the artificial environment, it does not recognize when users are trying to execute these strategies, and it does not include software opponents and partners that are capable of executing a varied range of strategies in response to user actio...

This paper examines the effects of expanding access to credit on the decisions and welfare of households. I focus on the entry of Banco Azteca, the first bank in Mexico targeting households from the informal sector. Panel data suggests that informal households in municipalities with Banco Azteca experienced several changes in their saving, credit and consumption patterns. In order to estimate t...

Membrane currents were recorded from the wild type and two pawn mutants of the pwA complementation group in Paramecium tetraurelia under a voltage clamp. Most currents are not changed by the mutations. Transient inward currents of a leaky mutant, pwA132, upon step depolarizations are less than those in the wild type. The inward transient is completely lacking in a non-leaky mutant, pwA500. The ...

This study aims to determine and analyze how the implementation of bay' al-wafa' transactions carried out by farmers in Pulau Gambar Village, Serba Jadi District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The approach taken is an empirical approach, which seen from analysis point view. research includes descriptive qualitative research, namely directed at providing symptoms, facts, or events a systematic accura...