asiatic citrus canker is a devastating disease resulting in drastic economic losses in citriculture worldwide. amongst three different types of the disease, i.e. a, a* and aw, the a* type is genetically less known. in order to comprehend the behavior of the asiatic citrus canker a*-type strain (xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) in the vicinity of the host cells, a targeted semi-quantitative trans...

zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) is a potyvirus with a worldwide distribution. this virus causes serious economic losses in iran in many cucurbits. during 2002-2003, sam-ples were collected from squash fields in tehran province. five isolates (z1, z2, z3, z4 and z5) were inoculated on 27 species of cucurbitaceae, chenopodiaceae, amarantha-ceae,solanacae, leguminosae and ranunculaceae. chenop...

Purpose: Prove that Computed Tomography (CT) is a more effective diagnostic tool for diagnosing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) due to its higher sensitivity.
 Methods and materials: A total of 200 cases had records chest CT scans RT-PCR tests were collected from Palestinian governmental hospitals September Nov...

INTRODUCTION Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever currently rank highly among the newly-emerging infectious diseases, and are considered to be the most important arboviral disease worldwide. The definitive diagnosis is culture analysis, but practical considerations limit its use. Also, the period for viral detection is limited. Within a day or two after fever subsides, rising levels of an...

A single tube, fluorogenic probe-based, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) assay was developed for detection and quantitation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) using BioRad's iCycler iQ. Real-time Q-RT-PCR was compared with quantitative competitive RT-PCR (QC-RT-PCR) and viral titers. Viral mRNA levels were measured in BRSV-infected bovi...

background: influenza a viruses bearing all known ha and na subtypes have been isolated from avian hosts: but only the a/h1n1,a/h2n2 and a/h3n2 influenza subtypes have been associated with widespread epidemics in humans un­til now .while influenza b detected only in humans. subtype h5 infection in humans occurred for the first time dur­ing 1997-1998 in hong kong, then china in 2003, vietnam and...

Enteroviruses are the causative agents of a number of diseases in humans. Group B coxsackieviruses are believed to be the most common viral agents responsible for human heart disease. Genomic data of enteroviruses has allowed developing new molecular approaches such as Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification (NASBA) for detection of such viruses. In this study, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was de...