Intranasal drug delivery is becoming an increasingly important form of drug administration for chronic and chronic-intermittent diseases. Important new applications currently in development include drugs for diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, certain types of convulsive disorders, migraine headaches, symptomatic pain relief, nausea, and anxiety, among others. Transmucosal absorption across the na...

Psychostimulants such as mixed amphetamine salts (MAS, brand name Adderall) are widely used for cognitive enhancement by healthy young people, yet laboratory research on effectiveness has yielded variable results. The present study assessed the effects of MAS in healthy young adults with an adequately powered double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled trial. We examined effects in 13 measures o...

OBJECTIVE To review the effects of methylphenidate on cognitive enhancement, memory, and performance in medical students. METHODS A review of four databases (LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciELO), analyzing the title and abstract of all articles published between 1990 and 2012 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Selected articles were read in entirety, including in the review those that...

In 2007, Alex Rodriguez signed a $275 million, ten-year contract with the New York Yankees, setting the record at the time for largest sports contract in history.1 Since then, he has faced many allegations of performance enhancing drug (―PED‖) use, one of which he confirmed through a public admission.2 Regardless of these allegations and admissions, Rodriguez continues to reap the benefits of h...

BACKGROUND Healthy university students have been shown to use psychoactive substances, expecting them to be functional means for enhancing their cognitive capacity, sometimes over and above an essentially proficient level. This behavior called Neuroenhancement (NE) has not yet been integrated into a behavioral theory that is able to predict performance. Job Demands Resources (JD-R) Theory for e...

Whenever athletes willfully or accidentally ingest performance-enhancing drugs or other banned substances (such as drugs of abuse), markers of those drugs can be detected in biological samples (e.g., biofluids: urine, saliva, blood); in the case of some drugs, that evidence can be apparent for many weeks following the last exposure to the drug. In addition to the willful use of prohibited drugs...

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit biometrischen Authentifizierungsverfahren zwischen Wahrung von Persönlichkeitsrechten einerseits und der Eignung zum Nachweis von Authentizität im elektronischen Rechtsverkehr insbesondere bei der Verwendung elektronischer Signaturen andererseits. Ein Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Authentifizierungsmechanismen wie dem Prinzip Besitz und Wissen ergibt entscheidende Sch...

The goal of privacy metrics is to measure the degree of privacy enjoyed by users in a system and the amount of protection offered by privacy-enhancing technologies. In this way, privacy metrics contribute to improving user privacy in the digital world. The diversity and complexity of privacy metrics in the literature makes an informed choice of metrics challenging. As a result, redundant new me...

It sounds good when knowing the privacy enhancing technologies 6th international workshop pet 2006 cambridge uk june 28 3