" …the price of electricity was found to be a significant determinant of electricity demand in most cases with the expected inverse relationship (higher prices mean less consumption).The results provided no evidence that the responsiveness of Ontario industrial demand to the price of electricity during time periods when demand is the strongest has strengthened since market opening except, perha...

Abstract We evaluate alternative indicators of global economic activity and other market fundamentals in terms their usefulness for forecasting real oil prices petroleum consumption. World industrial production is one the most useful indicators. However, by combining measures from several different sources, we can do even better. Our analysis results a new index conditions assessing future ener...

T single-product firms with different quality levels and fixed limited capacities engage in sequential price competition in an essentially deterministic model where customers have heterogeneous valuations for both products. We develop conditions under which the leader (she) can take strategic advantage of her limited capacity by pricing relatively low, purposefully creating shortages and leavin...

A commonly observed two-stage pricing strategy for a custom-made product involves a prepurchase entry fee for a potential consumer and a purchase price if he decides to buy the product. We solve and compare two settings: In the first, the firm does not commit in advance to the second-stage price and in the second, the firm does. We show that without a commitment mechanism, the two price points ...

Oil is a crucial component in nearly every country's economic activities. “As result, an increase its price likely to have negative impact on the expansion of oil-importing nations like India. The purpose this paper investigate how oil affects India's growth see if there co-integration relationship between growth, price, capital formation, and inflation. Crude always has lower starting but impo...

We translate between biophysical and economic metrics that characterize the role of energy in the economy. Specifically, using data from the International Energy Agency, we estimate the energy intensity ratio (EIR), a price-based proxy for a power return ratio (PRR ∼ Pout/Pinvested). The EIR is a useful metric, because for most countries and energy commodities, it can indicate the biophysical t...

Crude oil fouling of the equipment surfaces is a troublesome issue which leads to operating difficulties, economic penalties, increased environmental impacts, and health and safety hazards in petroleum industry. With a rough estimation, a minimum cost of equal to 4 million barrels of oil/year is required to be invested to offset the costs of crude oil fouling in Pre-heat Trains of Iranian oil r...

The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between change oil price and profitability Chinese mining enterprises. This collects relevant data China’s exploitation industry listed companies from 2011 2020, makes an empirical by using standard value weight method regression analysis method. conclusions are as follows: (1) average annual decline international 6.71%, which significant...