PURPOSE Our practitioners are asked to consider a patient's postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) risk profile when developing their prophylactic antiemetic strategy. There is wide variation in employed strategies, and we have yet to determine the most effective PONV prophylactic regimen. The objective of this study is to compare prophylactic antiemetic regimens containing: phenothiazines to...

Most bacteria are able to generate sufficient amounts of ATP from substrate level phosphorylation, thus rendering the respiratory oxidative phosphorylation non-critical. In mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation is an essential process. Of the two types of NADH dehydrogenases (type I and type II), the type II NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) whic...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344, in which efflux pump genes (acrB, acrD, acrF, tolC) or regulatory genes thereof (marA, soxS, ramA) were inactivated, was grown in the presence of 240 antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial agents in the Biolog Phenotype MicroArray. Mutants lacking tolC, acrB, and ramA grew significantly worse than other mutants in the presence of 48 agents (some of wh...

A study was initiated to find compounds which have the capacity to induce high levels of activity of microsomal systems detoxifying polycycic hydrocarbons. Of a large number of chemicals and dietary constituents, only phenothiazine and several of its derivatives were found to be potent inducers of an increased benzpyrene hydroyxlase activity. These phenothiazines also protected rats against adr...

After introduction of the phenothiazines in the therapy of psychoses it was soon evident that these compounds produce a series of so-called extrapyramidal symptoms (Labhardt, 1954) besides the anti-psychotic effect. It has been much discussed whether the extrapyramidal symptoms are a necessary condition for obtaining anti-psychotic effect (Fliigel, 1956) or an inevitable consequence of the trea...

A variety of reagents (local anesthetics, phenothiazines, ruthenium red, ryanodine, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, R 24571) inhibit Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from purified canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Most of these compounds also increase the rate of net Ca2+ uptake by cardiac SR while moderately inhibiting Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis, and together these two effects produce increase...

Multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis have emerged as grave threats to public health worldwide. Very few active drugs are available or likely to become available soon. To address these problems we revisited a classical observation, the applicability of phenothiazines as antimicrobial drugs. Within this pharmacological class we selected thioridazine, which is most efficacious an...

The anti-microbial activity of six non-antibiotics (one amino-ethylchloride, three phenothiazines, two tricyclic antidepressives) were tested on 20 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 ATTC strains and 14 clinical isolates of Staphylococccus aureus, using the plate dilution method. The effects on P. aeruginosa were independent of antibiot...