The U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) programs utilize a frxttd-area mapped-plot design as the national standard for extensive forest inventories. The mapped-plot design is explained, as well as the rationale for its selection as the national standard. Ratio-of-means estimators are presented as a method to process data from mapped inventory plots. It is...

One way to sample from a distribution is to sample uniformly from the region under the plot of its density function. A Markov chain that converges to this uniform distribution can be constructed by alternating uniform sampling in the vertical direction with uniform sampling from the horizontaìslice' deened by the current vertical position. Variations on such`slice sampling' methods can easily b...

Phylogenetic trees can be used to infer the processes that generated them. Here, we introduce a model, the bayesian birth-death skyline plot, which explicitly estimates the rate of transmission, recovery, and sampling and thus allows inference of the effective reproductive number directly from genetic data. Our method allows these parameters to vary through time in a piecewise fashion and is im...

Normalization of case data 2 The bottom right of Figure 1 shows a bar plot of the cumulative sum, for each age, of all 3 laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 in 2009; it does not take the age structure of the population 4 into account. We investigated the potential effects of age structure on the shape of the bar 5 plot. Figure 5 compares the total incidence across age (panel a) with per capita incidence...

The establishment of several large area monitoring networks over the past few decades has led to increased research into ways to spatially balance sample locations across the landscape. Many of these methods are well documented and have been used in the past with great success. In this paper, we present a method using geographic information systems (GIS) and fractals to create a sampling frame,...

Several types of widespread errors in performing Scatchard plot analysis resulting in fatal distortions of calculated affinities are surveyed more or less systematically. It appears that graphical analysis of non-linear Scathard plot “by eye” is almost impossible; and, moreover, results calculated by computer programs for affinity analysis often require additional "interpretation". Some of repo...

Graphical methods play an important role in SA, since they provide a means of visualizing the relationships between the output and input factors. However, in complex problems, with many input variables, the problem of constructing useful graphical presentations becomes challenging, and the types of solutions become more varied. This chapter presents a number of familiar and perhaps not so famil...

Regular two-level fractional factorial designs are often used in industrial experiments as screening experiments. When some factors have levels which are hard or expensive to change, restrictions are often placed on the order in which runs can be performed, resulting in a split-plot factorial design. In these cases, the hard or expensive to change factors are applied to whole plots, whereas the...

Recent advances in LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology have allowed for the remote sensing of important forest characteristics to be more reliable and commercially available. Studies have shown that this technology can adequately estimate forest characteristics such as individual tree locations, tree heights, and crown diameters. These values are then used to estimate biophysical pro...