Most studies about life experiences and their long-term impact have relied on retrospective assessments cross-sectional designs. However, there are concerns the inconsistency of reports, which been addressed in a limited scope. This study aimed to compare differences between positive negative describe potential patterns identify sociodemographic, experiences-related design-related predictors in...

in this paper, asymmetric effects of exchange rate fluctuation (according to positive and negative shocks) on real output were investigated. in the meantime, the study of behaviour of real output growth in iran’s economy over the period 1338-1386 was done. in specification of the output growth equation, in spite of considering positive and negative shocks of exchange rate, the effects of other ...

abstract comparison of food prices in different periods, indicates fluctuations and continually upward trend. any change in agricultural sector variables, as main food supplier, will affect food price. productivity shocks and production gap are examples of such variables. in this paper ,hodrick prescott and kalman filters are used as generators of productivity shocks and production gap series. ...