نتایج جستجو برای: pre ionization
تعداد نتایج: 349227 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
High-order harmonic generation has been observed experimentally from O2 molecules at the saturation ionization intensity. The harmonic cutoff extends far beyond the cutoff of Xe despite both have nearly equal ionization potentials. In contrast, the harmonic spectra for N2 and Ar, which have almost the same ionization potentials, are essentially close to each other. We show the extension of harm...
To clarify the ionization mechanism of large molecules under multi-photon ionization conditions, photo-electron spectroscopic studies on anthracene have been performed with electron imaging technique. Electron kinetic energy distributions below a few eV reveal that three kinds of ionization channels coexist, viz., vertical ionization, ionization from Rydberg states, and thermionic hot electron ...
the purpose of this study was to investigate how english language teachers in mashhad who teach students in the pre-university cycle perceived the impact of the efltee on their teaching. the target population was nearly all pre-university english language teachers in seven districts of mashhad in the scholastic year 2008/2009. a survey questionnaire which consisted of (36) likert type items, wa...
abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using model essays on the development of writing proficiency of iranian pre-intermediate efl learners. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 55 pre- intermediate learners of parsa language institute were chosen by means of administering proficiency test. based on the results of the pretest, two matched groups, one as the expe...
We find in experiments a linear dependence of ionization irradiation-induced degradations on pre-irradiation values the input bias current bipolar devices with simple stages. The is found to generally exist all studied cases different device types and irradiation conditions. A unique behavior energy distribution interface states (Dit) under suggested as origin observed phenomenon: generation tr...
abstract this study evaluates the iranian pre-university english textbook in terms of needs, objectives, content, and methodology. the study was designed on the qualitative- quantitative survey basis using interviews and questionnaires, a researcher-made textbook evaluation checklist and a needs analysis questionnaire. the textbook evaluation questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the ...
Abstract Hydrogen isotope exchange in China low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel was investigated by plasma-driven permeation (PDP) measurements the temperature range of ∼670–920 K. It found that as H introduced into D plasma, flux HD increased while 2 decreased. The total flux, however, remained almost unchanged. Such a result allowed analysis replacement and showed reduction is balanced ri...
We present PDF CHEM , a new numerical method able to compute the photodissociation region (PDR) chemistry of large-scale inhomogeneous ISM regions using probability distributions physical parameters as an input. distinguish between two visual extinctions, namely ‘effective’ ( A V,eff ) referring local extinction and ‘observed’ V,obs taken from observations. Using 1,200 pre-calculated PDR simula...
For the first time, the use of a traditional ionization source for ion mobility spectrometry (radioactive nickel ((63)Ni) beta emission ionization) and three alternative ionization sources (electrospray ionization (ESI), secondary electrospray ionization (SESI), and electrical discharge (corona) ionization (CI)) were employed with an atmospheric pressure ion mobility orthogonal reflector time-o...
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