The projects of the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) enjoy wide acceptance both in the marketplace and in the OSS development community. According to a recent web server survey by Netcraft (2005), the Apache webserver and its derivatives have attained a dominant 70% share of the web-server market, and the Apache webserver software is installed at more than 44 million sites worldwide. Similarly,...

We solve the problem of collusion in massive online tournaments (of formal scientific communities) which, surprisingly, has a simple yet rather counterintuitive solution. The solution requires that we collect the participants’ side-choices of whether they want to be proponent or opponent of a given claim, leading to the concept of a forced player or a devil’s advocate. In the presence of side-c...

How teachers fulfill their job as a technician or professional teacher is very much up to the educational approach they adopt. Therefore, it significant reveal teachers’ philosophy shaping understanding and practicing of teaching. Accordingly, main purpose this study investigate pre-service approaches views on teaching profession. Educational philosophies in are based framework perennialism, es...

in the Meritocracy ABSTRACT Following a brief review of the concept of occupational status, we review trends in Next, we examine trends and differentials in the effects of family origins, measured social background, and schooling on occupational standing. Finally, using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY), we explore relationships...

Egalitarianism and meritocracy are competing principles to distribute the joint bene…ts of cooperation. We examine the consequences of letting members of society vote between those two principles, in a context where groups of a certain size must be formed in order for individuals to become productive. Our setup induces a hedonic game of coalition formation. We study the existence of core stable...

One of the most exciting progressive intellectuals to address issues of culture and education in the last decade is James Earl Davis. Davis’s work has focused on male identity formation in its cultural and educational contexts, with special emphasis on Black boys and young men. Two words frequently found in Davis’s writings are “hegemony” and “complexity.” The cultural resources available to yo...

This article reports on a qualitative content analysis of a sample of national information literacy policies, whether endorsed by states or professional bodies. It develops a framework for analysis which is attuned to the idea that information literacy can and should be viewed from multiple perspectives; this being the “six frames of information literacy” model developed by Bruce, Edwards, and ...