Thyroid carcinomas derived from follicular cells comprise papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). PTC, the most frequent thyroid carcinoma histotype, is associated with gene rearrangements that generate RET/PTC and TRK oncogenes and with BRAF-V600E and RAS gene mutati...

Murine phosphatidyl choline (PtC)–specific B cells in normal mice belong exclusively to the B-1 subset. Analysis of anti-PtC (V H 12 and V H 12/V k 4) transgenic (Tg) mice indicates that exclusion from B-0 (also known as B-2) occurs after immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. This predicts that PtC-specific B-0 cells are generated, but subsequently eliminated by either apoptosis or differentiation...

BACKGROUND Cervical recurrence occurs in up to 25% of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) due either to the aggressive biology of PTC or to inadequate treatment. This retrospective study was designed to determine the frequency of inadequate surgical or medical therapy as a cause of persistent or recurrent PTC. METHODS We identified all patients who underwent reoperation for persis...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasia of the thyroid gland. A fraction of PTC cases show loss of differentiation and aggressive behavior, with radioiodine therapy resistance and metastasis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) emerged as promising molecular markers for PTC, their role in the loss of differentiation observed during PTC progression remains to be fully...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors that have important functions in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. To date, BMP pathway activation has been found in multiple human tumors and is associated with enhanced malignant tumor growth and metastasis. BMP activity is tightly regulated by a family of soluble extracellular secreted BMP modulators. Twisted gastrulation...

PURPOSE To evaluate MHC class I expression on papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and analyze changes in MHC expression and associated immune activation with current and experimental treatments for thyroid cancer using in vitro PTC cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MHC class I expression and assessment of tumor-infiltrating leukocyte populations were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. PTC cell lines...

Point mutations in BRAF are genetic hallmarks of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this retrospective study, we examined thyroid aspirates and corresponding paraffin-embedded surgical samples for the presence of BRAF mutations. Altogether, we examined 96 cases, including 69 PTCs, 19 follicular adenomas, and eight nontoxic nodular goiters for BRAF; 60 of these samples were also examined for ...

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common tumor subtype of thyroid cancer. However, not all PTCs are responsive to current surgical and radioiodine treatment. The well-established clinical prognostic factors include tumor size, lymph node/distal metastasis, and extrathyroidal invasion. The RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF linear molecular signaling cascade is known to mediate PTC pathogenesis. However,...

BACKGROUND This study was aimed at investigating the relation of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expression with the clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). METHODS We examined 170 patients (84, PTC with HT; 86, PTC without HT). P2X7R expression was examined by immunohistochemical methods. The staining intensity and patterns were e...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common histological thyroid cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of thyroid cancers. Although PTC is highly curable, some patients encounter high rates of morbidity and mortality. BRAF V600E mutations are the most common genetic mutation in PTC and the relationship between BRAF V600E mutations and PTC has recently been a focus of research. The a...