Macrophage/microglia with heterogonous phenotype and function under physiological and pathological conditions are the main cell lineage involved in inducing immune responses in neuroinflammatory diseases which exhibit combined inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. An increase in the expression of iNOS triggers M1 phenotype that secrete high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, whil...

Rho family GTPases play an essential role in cell motility, transducing extracellular signal to the actin cytoskeleton. This thesis presents the formulation and analysis of several models concerning three members of the Rho family: Cdc42, Rac, and Rho. Experimental observations of the spatio-temporal dynamics of these proteins give evidence of spatial polarization and mutual exclusion between C...

We study the pseudo-differential operator $$\begin{aligned} T_a f\left( x\right) =\int _{\mathbb {R}^n}e^{ix\cdot \xi }a\left( x,\xi \right) \widehat{f}\left( \,\text {d}\xi , \end{aligned}$$where symbol a is in Hörmander class \(S^{m}_{\rho ,1}\) or more generally rough \(L^{\infty }S^{m}_{\rho }\) with \(m\in \mathbb {R}\) and \(\rho \in [0,1]\). It known that \(T_a\) bounded on \(L^1(\mathbb...

With molecular beam epitaxy and a topotactic chemical reaction, we prepared NdFeAs(O,H) epitaxial thin films with various hydrogen concentrations on 5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} vicinal-cut MgO substrates. By measuring the resistivities along longitudinal transversal directions, $ab$-plane $c$-axis (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{ab}$ ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$) were obtained. The resistivity ani...

background: recently, some new nanobiosensors using different nanoparticles or microarray systems for detection of mycotoxins have been designed . however, rapid, sensitive and early detection of aflatoxicosis would be very helpful to distinguish high-risk persons.objectives: we report a highly sensitive competitive immunoassay using magnetic/silica core shell as a signal intensifier for the de...

In this work, we propose a tube-based model predictive control (MPC) scheme for state- and input-constrained linear systems subject to dynamic uncertainties characterized by integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). particular, extend the framework of $\rho$</tex-mat...

Rho-dependent transcription terminators participate in sophisticated genetic regulatory mechanisms, in both bacteria and phages; they occur in regulatory regions preceding the coding sequences of genes and within coding sequences, as well as at the end of transcriptional units, to prevent readthrough transcription. Most Rho-dependent terminators have been found in enteric bacteria, but they als...

Investigations from basic biology suggest that activation of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and thereby promotes atherosclerosis and its clinical complications. Yet, little information is available about the relationship of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway to NO bioavailability in humans with atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we determined whether inhibition o...

The strict spatio-temporal control of Rho GTPases is critical for many cellular functions, including cell motility, contractility, and growth. In this regard, the prototypical Rho family GTPases, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 regulate the activity of each other by a still poorly understood mechanism. Indeed, we found that constitutively active forms of Rac inhibit stress fiber formation and Rho stimulati...

Clostridium difficile toxin B exhibits cytotoxic activity that is characterized by the disruption of the microfilamental cytoskeleton. Here we studied whether the GTP-binding Rho protein, which reportedly participates in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, is involved in the toxin action. Toxin B treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells reveals a timeand concentrationdependent decrease in...