Background Leishmaniasis as an emerging and reemerging disease is increasing worldwide with high prevalence and new incidence in recent years. For epidemiological investigation and accurate identification of Leishmania species, three nuclear and mitochondrial genes (ITS-rDNA, Hsp70, and Cyt b) were employed and analyzed from clinical samples in three important Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (...

The in vivo formation of covalent aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adducts within the rRNA gene sequences of nuclear DNA has been studied in AFB1-treated rats. Liver nuclear DNA, enriched in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) by one round of cesium salt density gradient centrifugation, was treated under buffered alkaline conditions to convert unstable AFB1-N7-guanine adducts to stable AFB1-formamidopyrimidine derivat...

RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcribes many essential, small, noncoding RNAs, including the 5S rRNAs and tRNAs. While most pol III-transcribed genes are found scattered throughout the linear chromosome maps or in multiple linear clusters, there is increasing evidence that many of these genes prefer to be spatially clustered, often at or near the nucleolus. This association could create an env...

When cells enter mitosis, RNA synthesis ceases. Yet the RNA polymerase I (pol I) transcription machinery involved in the production of pre-rRNA remains bound to the nucleolus organizing region (NOR), the chromosome site harboring the tandemly repeated rRNA genes. Here we examine whether rDNA transcription units are transiently blocked or "frozen" during mitosis. By using fluorescent in situ hyb...

Satyrinae is one of twelve subfamilies of the butterfly family Nymphalidae, which currently includes nine tribes. However, phylogenetic relationships among them remain largely unresolved, though different researches have been conducted based on both morphological and molecular data. However, ribosomal genes have never been used in tribe level phylogenetic analyses of Satyrinae. In this study we...

Background and objective: The treatment of bacterial infections especially of the family Staphylococcaceae is a significant health burden that has led to economic losses, and high morbidity and mortality rates globally. This study aimed at the isolation and characterization of coagulase-positive, methicillin, and multi-drug-resistant Staphylococci isolated from wounds of patients. Methods: Fo...

Two genes, that is, 5S ribosomal sequences and antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) genes, were mapped onto chromosomes of eight Antarctic notothenioid fish possessing a X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system, namely, Chionodraco hamatus and Pagetopsis macropterus (family Channichthyidae), Trematomus hansoni, T. newnesi, T. nicolai, T. lepidorhinus, and Pagothenia borchgrevinki (family Nototheniidae), ...

Numerous investigations applying the cloning and sequencing of rRNA genes (rDNAs) to the study of marine bacterioplankton diversity have shown that the sequences of genes cloned directly from environmental DNA do not correspond to the genes of cultured marine taxa. These results have been interpreted as support for the hypothesis that the most abundant heterotrophic marine bacterioplankton spec...