This contribution presents an instructional model that aims to offer a convenient alternative to study abroad programs in college education. The instructional model, known as the International Reciprocal Distance Education Model (Vásquez de Velasco & Holland, 1998a), is implemented by means of tactical models that address all possible instructional scenarios of a design curriculum. All the tact...

Numerous results on self-reciprocal polynomials over finite fields have been studied. In this paper we generalize some of these to aself reciprocal polynomials defined in [4]. We consider the properties for the divisibility of a-reciprocal polynomials, estimate the number of all nontrivial a-self reciprocal irreducible monic polynomials and characterize the parity of the number of irreducible f...

Online communities thrive on their members’ participation and contributions. There are numerous ways to visually represent information, current status, power, and acceptance of members in an online community. In this paper we present a design of a visualization representing reciprocal and non-reciprocal relationships among users, which emphasizes and hopefully triggers common bond in the commun...

How does reciprocal links affect the function of real social network? Does reciprocal link and non-reciprocal link play the same role? Previous researches haven't displayed a clear picture to us until now according to the best of our knowledge. Motivated by this, in this paper, we empirically study the influence of reciprocal links in two representative real datasets, Sina Weibo and Douban. Our...

the aim of this research is survey of bandura theoretical foundation of self efficacy include psychological, social, and philosophical base. in this research use analytic – deduction research method to achieve the aim. thus as psychological basis, the concepts of reciprocal determinism, consciousness, learning and finally the human agency will be discussed. under the social basis the effect of ...

Measuring consistency of preferences is very important in decision-making. This paper addresses this key issue for interval-valued reciprocal preference relations. Existing studies implement one of two different measures: the “classical” consistency measure, and the “boundary” consistency measure. The classical consistency degree of an interval-valued reciprocal preference relation is determine...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used as a noninvasive tool to modulate brain excitability in humans. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tDCS applied over the motor cortex also modulates spinal neural network excitability and therefore can be used to explore the corticospinal control acting on spinal neurons. Previously, we showed that reciprocal inhibition direct...

Explanations of human behavior have generally favored unidirectional causal models emphasizing either environmental or internal determinants of behavior. In social learning theory, causal processes are conceptualized in terms of reciprocal determinism. Viewed from this perspective, psychological functioning involves a continuous reciprocal interaction between behavioral, cognitive, and environm...