Constipation is a common presenting complaint in children. Rectal duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations that need to be considered in patients with chronic constipation that has not responded to typical therapy and in patients presenting with rectal bleeding. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion when diagnosing this condition as other congenital malformations may ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of assessing bladder and rectal point doses, using orthogonal radiographs without treatment planning, for vaginal cylinder applicator (VC), high-dose-rate (HDR) vaginal cuff brachytherapy (BT) after hysterectomy. Thirty-three VC HDR BT treatment plans from 31 postop- erative endometrial cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Sing...

This Phase 1, randomized, two-site (United States), double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 18 sexually abstinent men and women. All received a single 300-mg dose of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and were then randomized 2:1 to receive single and then seven daily rectal exposures of vaginally-formulated tenofovir (TFV) 1% gel or a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) placebo gel. Blo...

HYPOTHESIS Focused helical computed tomographic (CT) scanning with rectal contrast only is a superior diagnostic modality compared with the traditional triple-contrast CT scan for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. DESIGN Prospective randomized analysis of both CT scan modalities. INTERVENTIONS Only patients with uncertain diagnosis of acute appendicitis were entered in the study. The pat...

BACKGROUND Transanal endoscopic microsurgery has recently gained acceptance as an alternative minimally invasive surgical technique for the curative management of large rectal adenomas and selected early rectal carcinomas. OBJECTIVES To analyze our 8 year experience using TEM for the management of rectal cancer. METHODS Local resection by TEM was performed in patients with benign tumors and...

BACKGROUND Clear strategies to optimise the use of corticosteroids in ulcerative colitis are lacking. AIM A meta-analysis was undertaken to examine critically the role of rectal corticosteroids in the management of active distal ulcerative colitis. METHODS All reported randomised controlled trials were retrieved by searching the Medline and EMBASE databases and the bibliographies of relevan...

BACKGROUND Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a primary systemic necrotizing vasculitis with diffuse organ involvements, resulting in a high mortality rate due to multiple organ failure. Although the small bowel is the frequently targeted organ of PAN-associated vasculitis, rectal involvement is very rare, and only one case of rectal bleeding has been previously reported. The mortality rate of PAN w...

PURPOSE Stapled transanal rectal resection has been introduced as a new technology for the management of obstructive defecation syndrome. In this study we observed the clinical outcomes for stapled transanal rectal resection as compared with transvaginal rectocele repair for obstructive defecation syndrome. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of patients who received transvaginal rec...

The history of rectal cancer management informs current therapy and points us in the direction of future improvements. Multidisciplinary team management of rectal cancer will move us to personalized treatment for individuals with rectal cancer in all stages.

Rectal balloons are used in external beam prostate radiotherapy to provide reproducible anatomy and rectal dose reductions. This is an investigation into the combination of a MOSFET radiation detector with a rectal balloon for realtime in vivo rectal wall dosimetry. The MOSFET used in the study is a radiation detector that provides a water equivalent depth of measurement of 70 microm. Two MOSFE...