Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease, an economically important disease in ruminants worldwide. It was first isolated in Egypt in 2005. Since then, the pathogen has been detected in different Egyptian provinces. In order to trace the source of infection, genotyping using simple methods of high discriminatory power such as mycobacterial inte...

Migraine is a primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe headaches and impairment of autonomic nervous system function. This neurovascular disorder ranks as the eighth cause of disability in the world. Migraine is basically an inflammation problem caused by activation of the trigeminal neurovascular complex. Neuropeptides like serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and...

hydrogels, due to their unique potentials such as high-water content and hydrophilicity are interest for the controlled release of drug molecules. the present study aims to create a controlled-release system through the preparation and characterization of hydrogels based on ph-sensitive polymers such as poly (acrylic acid). poly (acrylic acid), p(aa), hydrogel has been synthesized by radical po...

The aim of this work was to study the fungal diversity in Paspalum notatum, order determine potential biological control disease-causing pathogens and their effects on growth promotion. Two isolates Cercospora dianellicola were identified from asymptomatic P. notatum leaves, as an endophytic species. possible benefits for host plant remain be analyzed.

twenty four isolates of cercospora beticola were collected from khuzestan, ardebil, golestan and mazandaran provinces and purified, and one isolate was used to represent each province. after optimization of spore production on different media, pathogenic variability of selected isolates on five sugar beet varieties with different levels of resistance was studied under green house condition. fou...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Signs and symptoms of MS vary widely and depend on the amount of nerve damage and which nerves are affected. A literature search was conducted using medical and health science electronic databases (PubMed and SID) up to January 31, 2018. Of the 150 records identified, 25 articles were eligible a...

Though traditionally perceived as weapons, antibiotics are also hypothesized to act as microbial signals in natural habitats. However, while subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics (SICA) are known to shift bacterial gene expression, specific hypotheses as to how SICA influence the ecology of natural populations are scarce. We explored whether antibiotic 'signals', or SICA, have the potenti...

Aggressiveness of fifteen isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola and variations in angular leaf spot symptom development in common bean were studied. The isolates were selected based on their virulence and genetic differences and represented Andean, Afro-Andean and Mesoamerican groups of P. griseola. Aggressiveness was determined based on length of incubation period, rate of lesion expansion, les...