From creating comfortable home environments to manufacturing fast and efficient electronic devices, air conditioning and refrigeration remain expensive, yet essential, services for both homes and industries. However, in an age of impending energy and environmental crises, current cooling technologies continue to generate greenhouse gases with highenergy costs. Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an...

This commentary reviews recent changes in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) vaccine storage guidelines that were developed in response to an investigative report by the Office of the Inspector General. The use of temperature data loggers with probes residing in glycol vials is advised along with storing vaccines in pharmaceutical refrigerators. These refrigerators provide good thermal distribut...

It is expected to build a sustainable social system that uses “hydrogen” as fuel generate electricity without emitting CO2. To realize this, technology for storing large amount of hydrogen indispensable, and storage liquid ideal. However, the efficiency cooling device in temperature range around 20 K required long-term with low, equipment huge expensive, so it has not been established widely us...

Energy efficiency plays an important role in the development and operation of refrigeration systems. The method of the VDMA 24247-2 2 “Energy efficiency of refrigeration systems – Requirements for the system design and the components” were recently published. The method will be described within this paper, with the focus on the graphical interpretation.

The dual~controlled refrigeration system is devised to enhance the energy efficiency and basic performance of an indirect cooling household refrigerator/freezer. In order to alternately serve the fresh food and freezer compartment with a conventional simple refrigeration cycle, two capillary tubes and on/off valves are adopted. The air flow switching system, which is composed of two fans and da...

The European Union (EU) Regulation on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) has encouraged to reduce gradually the number of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) that can be placed market (POM) 21% baseline level in 2030. However, this day, EU refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump (RACHP) is still dominated by these substances. This study describes a methodology estimate refrigerant demand conditi...

f liquid g gas ABSTRACT The experimental apparatus was build according to the national standards of India.. The performance of the refrigeration system depends upon the heat transfer capacity of the refrigerant. Normally R12, R22, R600, R600a and 134a are used as a refrigerant. This refrigerant heat transfer capacity is not so good and increase power consumption. Due to these limitation nanoflu...

Process cooling below ambient temperature is an energy demanding part of many chemical production processes. Compression refrigeration systems operating at very low temperatures consume a lot of high quality utility such as electricity or high pressure steam to drive the compressor units. In industrial process clusters with several processes operating at low temperatures, it is important to inv...