We compared the relative abundance of terrestrial salamanders before and after application of seven regeneration treatments in a low-elevation, southern Appalachian hardwood forest in southwest Virginia. Treatments included understory removal, group selection, two shelterwoods, leave-tree, clearcut, and a control. Salamander relative abundance was signi®cantly lower after harvest on the group s...

Phage are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere, with an estimated 10 particles on the planet. They also play a major role in carbon cycling; at least 25% of fixed carbon passes through phage. Their roles as predators of bacteria have important implications for possible marine CO2 sequestration. Metagenomic analyses show that the rank-abundance curve for marine phage communitie...

We examined patterns of non-native plant diversity in protected and managed ponderosa pine/Douglas-®r forests of the Colorado Front Range. Cheesman Lake, a protected landscape, and Turkey Creek, a managed landscape, appear to have had similar natural disturbance histories prior to European settlement and ®re protection during the last century. However, Turkey Creek has experienced logging, graz...

BACKGROUND This paper studies the effect of mosquito abundance and malaria incidence in the last 3 weeks, and their interaction, on the hazard of time to malaria in a previously studied cohort of children in Ethiopia. METHODS We model the mosquito abundance and time to malaria data jointly in a Bayesian framework. RESULTS We found that the interaction of mosquito abundance and incidence pla...

1. Much recent research has focused on the use of species distribution models to explore the influence(s) of environment (predominantly climate) on species' distributions. A weakness of this approach is that it typically does not consider effects of biotic interactions, including competition, on species' distributions. 2. Here we identify and quantify the contribution of environmental factors r...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a member of nuclear receptors superfamily, which mainly regulate the expression of target genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism. These receptors are divided to three isotypes: PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ/δ. Each isotype has a distinct tissue distribution relating to the distinct functions. In this study, the mRNA abundance for PPARα, PP...

The study and research of abundance and diversity variation of fish larva (Ichthyoplankton stages) was done in Gowatr Bay during autumn 2006 - summer 2007. Five stations were selected for sampling, and Bongo-Net with 300µ mesh size was towing from bottom to surface. During of survey, totally 531 larvae belong to 11 families were collected and identified. The mean abundance estimated 12.17 larva...

The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity, seasonal dynamics and abundance of ticks infesting cattle in Isfahan zone, Iran. The study was conducted in three traditional cattle farms. No acaricides had been applied to cattle at the selected farms. Adult ticks were collected twice per month from different parts of the cattle's body. Environmental data, including relative humidi...