We develop a theoretical approach to quantify the effect of long-term trends on the expected number of extremes in generic time series, using analytical solutions and Monte Carlo simulations. We apply our method to study the effect of warming trends on heat records. We find that the number of record-breaking events increases approximately in proportion to the ratio of warming trend to short-ter...

University House 1, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2 Phone: 250-721-6236 | Fax: 250-721-7217 | pacificclimate.org 1. To speak of air “holding” water vapour is to speak loosely. The partial pressure of water vapour in equilibrium with a solid or liquid body of water is described by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and is independent of the ...

Ongoing climate change is known to cause an increase in the frequency and amplitude of local temperature and precipitation extremes in many regions of the Earth. While gradual changes in the climatological conditions have already been shown to strongly influence plant flowering dates, the question arises if and how extremes specifically impact the timing of this important phenological phase. St...

[1] Previous studies of the long-term climate effects of irrigation have focused on average monthly temperatures. Given the importance of temperature (T) extremes to agriculture and human health, we evaluated irrigation induced changes in various metrics of T extremes using daily observations in California and Nebraska. In addition, simulations from a regional climate model were used to evaluat...

BACKGROUND Climate change is expected to have adverse health effects, but the association between extreme ambient temperatures and stillbirth is unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated acute and chronic associations between extreme ambient temperatures and stillbirth risk, and estimated the attributable risk associated with local temperature extremes in the United States. METHODS We linked 223,...

Effects of global warming on marine ecosystems are far less understood than they are in terrestrial environments. Macrophyte-based coastal ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to global warming, because they often lack species redundancy. We tested whether summer heat waves have negative effects on an ecologically important ecosystem engineer, the eelgrass Zostera marina L., and whether high ...

In most nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, a uniform magnetic field is applied to the sample, and radio frequency pulses are used to manipulate particular nuclear spins. Under ex situ conditions, such as deep in a bore hole, it is difficult to apply high magnetic fields or to do so uniformly, and, thus, approaches in which signals are generated by suddenly reversing the applied magne...