Recombination occurs at high frequencies in all examined retroviruses. The previously determined homologous recombination rate in one retroviral replication cycle is 4% for markers 1.0 kb apart in spleen necrosis virus (SNV). This has often been used to suggest that approximately 30 to 40% of the replication-competent viruses with 7- to 10-kb genomes undergo recombination. These estimates were ...

The Bunyaviridae virus family is composed by five genera, of which the Hantavirus genus is one of the most important representatives. Occasionally, these viruses can be transmitted to humans, giving rise to severe diseases that present high mortality rates. We analyzed the amino acid sequences of the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of 34 different hantaviruses to investigate the potential mechanisms ...

Single-nucleotide variation (SNV) When a single base pair (A, C, T, G) is observed to vary in a DNA sequence. This variant may be private to an individual or family. For biallelic SNVs (i.e., an SNV that exists in two possible states), an individual can carry three possible allelic combinations or genotypes on their two chromosomes (e.g., for a single base pair position that could be A or G, th...

Melting curve prediction of PCR products is limited to perfectly complementary strands. Multiple domains are calculated by recursive nearest neighbor thermodynamics. However, the melting curve of an amplicon containing a heterozygous single-nucleotide variant (SNV) after PCR is the composite of four duplexes: two matched homoduplexes and two mismatched heteroduplexes. To better predict the shap...