Concern over incidental catches in commercial fisheries has been increasing, and while simple mitigation strategies have been effective, few effective mitigation strategies have been established for more complex species interactions. Incidental catches of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis) in the commercial Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) fishery have receive...

Heavy metal concentrations in sediment collected from Dumai coastal waters have been studied by using sequential extraction technique to determine the distribution and geochemical speciation (EFLE, acid reducible, oxidisable organic and resistant) of Cd, Cu and Ni. The results showed that the highest concentrations of total Cd was in Cargo Port area and the lowest in Penyembal, whilst for Cu an...

Sampling physical fields with mobile sensors is an upcoming field of interest. This offers greater advantages in terms of cost as often just a single sensor can be used for the purpose and this can be employed almost everywhere without sensing stations and has nominal operational costs. In a mobile sensing setup, the accurate knowledge of sampling locations may lead to a manifold increase in th...

Diversity of arboreal carabid beetles was sampled by fumigation in 100 3 x 3 m stations within a 100 x 1000 m terra firme forest plot in Ecuadorian Amazonia. Nine sampling dates from January 1994 to October 1996 yielded 2329 individuals belonging to 318 species of which more than 50 percent were undescribed species. A high percentage of the species sampled were rare; the proportion that occurre...

Bacterial abundance and production were measured monthly for one year along cross-shore transects (seven stations each) carried out in 3 subAntarctic fjords of the Kerguelen Archipelago. Mean values of the 3 most coastal (inside) and most offshore (outside) stations were used to describe the relationship between temperature, phytoplankton biomass, bacterial abundance and bacterial production ov...

Weekly-fortnightly ozone (O3) concentrations measured by passive sampling at 81 forest monitoring plots in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland over the period 2000-2002 were used to estimate the cumulative exposure index AOT40. The estimation method is based on a deterministic model which describes the O3 daily profile as a function of relative altitude (the difference between the altitude of ...

The sampling error variances of the 5° 5° Global Historical Climatological Network (GHCN) monthly surface air temperature data are estimated from January 1851 to December 2001. For each GHCN grid box and for each month in the above time interval, an error variance is computed. The authors’ error estimation is determined by two parameters: the spatial variance and a correlation factor determined...