Filtering sparsely turbulent signals from nature is a central problem of contemporary data assimilation. Here, sparsely observed turbulent signals from nature are generated by solutions of two-layer quasigeostrophic models with turbulent cascades from baroclinic instability in two separate regimes with varying Rossby radius mimicking the atmosphere and the ocean. In the ‘‘atmospheric’’ case, la...

Sustained observations of ocean properties reveal a global warming trend and rising sea levels. These changes have been documented by traditional ship-based measurements of ocean properties, whereas more recent Argo profiling floats and satellite records permit estimates of ocean changes on a near real-time basis. Through these and newer methods of observing the oceans, scientists are moving fr...

This study focuses on the interplay between mean sea level pressure (MSLP), sea surface temperature (SST), and wind and cloudiness anomalies over the Indian Ocean in seasonal composite sequences prior to, during, and after strong, near-global El Niño and La Niña episodes. It then examines MSLP and SST anomalies in the 2–2.5-year quasi-biennial (QB) and 2.5–7-year low-frequency (LF) bands that c...

Abstract The hydrogen isotopic signature (δ 2 H) of water in trees contains information on plant functional responses to climatic changes and the origin water. This is also true for non-exchangeable H NE ) organic matter, which additional physiological biochemical that can be dated specific years if extracted from annual rings trees. Despite this potential gaining unique insights δ tree-ring ce...

The most recent climate change projections show a global increase in temperatures along with precipitation changes throughout the 21(st) century. However, regional projections do not always match global projections and species with global distributions may exhibit varying regional susceptibility to climate change. Here we show the effect of local climatic conditions on the hatchling output of l...

The evolution of climatic niche specialization has important implications for many topics in ecology, evolution and conservation. The climatic niche reflects the set of temperature and precipitation conditions where a species can occur. Thus, specialization to a limited set of climatic conditions can be important for understanding patterns of biogeography, species richness, community structure,...

A low-resolution coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (OAGCM) is used to study the characteristics of the large-scale ocean circulation and its climatic impacts in a series of global coupled aquaplanet experiments. Three configurations, designed to produce fundamentally different ocean circulation regimes, are considered. The first has no obstruction to zonal flow, the second cont...

This paper describes the application of data mining techniques in a Geo-spatial Decision Support System, which focuses on drought risk management. Association rule discovery is one of the widely used approaches in data mining. This paper highlights the rule discovery algorithms that we have developed and used for discovering useful patterns in ocean parameters and climatic indices to monitor dr...