We have developed a robust qualitative method for robot exploration, mapping, and navigation in large-scale spatial environments. An environment is large-scale if its spatial structure is at a signi cantly larger scale than the sensory horizon of the observer. Experiments with a simulated robot in a variety of 2-D environments have demonstrated that our method can build an accurate map of an un...

Novel spatial models for appraising arable land resources using data processing techniques can increase insight into agroecosystem services. Hence, the principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchal cluster (HCA), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy logic, and geographic information system (GIS) were integrated to zone map agricultural quality in an arid desert area (Matrouh Governorate, ...

Morphological traits can be highly variable over time in a particular geographical area. Different selective pressures shape those traits, which is crucial in evolutionary biology. Among these traits, insect wing morphometry has already been widely used to describe phenotypic variability at the inter-specific level. On the contrary, fewer studies have focused on intra-specific wing morphometric...

variation of the branches of the external carotid artery (eca) is well known, but it is extremely rare for the occipital artery (oa) to arise from the internal carotid artery (ica). a 87-year-old man was found to have this anatomical variation on the right side by threedimensional computed tomography angiography for vascular mapping of the carotid arteries before superselective intra-arterial c...

Recently, there has been a dramatic expansion of studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variation aimed at discovering functional differences in immunity across wild populations of diverse vertebrate species. Some species with relatively low genetic diversity or under strong directional selection by pathogens have revealed fascinating cases of MHC allelic disease linkage. More genera...