The present study investigated the effect of using PRAAT as a free computer software package for the scientific analysis of speech in phonetics on pre-intermediate Iranian English as foreign language (EFL) learners’ supra segmental features (i.e., intonation and stress). The design of the study was a Quasi-experimental research design with a pre and post-test. In doing so...

background: primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) is defined by the presence of proteinuria, often in nephrotic range and pathologically by segmental scars (ss). the aim of this study is to identify the possible predictors of complete remission or progression to chronic kidney disease in iranian adults with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. methods: in this historical coho...

OBJECTIVE To investigate alterations in trunk muscle timing patterns in subgroups of patients with mechanical low back pain (MLBP). Our hypothesis was that subjects with MLBP would demonstrate delayed muscle onset and have fewer muscles functioning in a feedforward manner than the control group. We further hypothesized that we would find differences between subgroups of our patients with MLBP, ...

BACKGROUND The purposes of the present study are to evaluate the subsidence and nonunion that occurred after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using a stand-alone intervertebral cage and to analyze the risk factors for the complications. METHODS Thirty-eight patients (47 segments) who underwent anterior cervical fusion using a stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage and an autologo...

BACKGROUND Posterior decompression, instrumentation, and posterolateral fusion are surgical procedures for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases. Solid fusion usually causes adjacent problems. This study investigated the clinical outcome and radiographic fate of the L5-S1 segment in patients who underwent posterior instrumented surgery for degenerative lumbar diseases. METHODS From Ja...

A large number of analyses of a new form of genetic variation, known as copy number variation (CNV), have been published recently as a new tool for understanding the genetic basis of complex traits such as diabetes, asthma, Crohn's disease, autism and bipolar disorder. Through the use of different types of genome-wide scanning procedures, CNVs have been shown to be associated with several compl...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Posterior-anterior (PA) assessment of the lumbar spine correlates with radiographic signs of instability and can guide treatment choices, yet studies of the validity of lumbar PA assessments have not been conducted in vivo. The purposes of this study were to determine the intertester reliability of the PA examination in assessing intersegmental lumbar spine motion and to ...

BACKGROUND Pedicle screw instrumentation for treating spinal disorder is becoming increasingly widespread. Many studies have advocated its use to facilitate rigid fixation for spine; however, adjacent segmental disease is a known complication. Instrumented fusion for osteoporotic spines remains a significant challenge for spine surgeons. Prophylactic vertebroplasty for adjacent vertebra has bee...

conclusions stability of the clavicle is crucial for shoulder function and care should be taken not to miss or underestimate segmental bipolar fractures even with a low energy mechanism. authors believe that operative treatment should be taken into consideration for displaced fractures. introduction clavicle fractures are very common, accounting for approximately 4% of all adult fractures. segm...