A summary of the existing NASA design criteria monographs for the design of buckling-resistant thin-shell structures is presented. Subsequent improvements in the analysis for nonlinear shell response are reviewed, and current issues in shell stability analysis are discussed. Examples of nonlinear shell responses that are not included in the existing shell design monographs are presented, and an...

There was a significant difference in the shell strength of chicken eggs with different curvatures of the large end. Holding temperatures of eggs significantly influenced shell strength but not shell membrane strength. There was a significant negative correlation in chicken eggs between shell strength and membrane strength in small and medium curvature groups but not in the large curvature grou...

BACKGROUND To identify optimization of dose distributions of target volumes and decrease of radiation doses to normal tissues during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer with dose-limiting auto-shells. METHODS With the same prescription dose, dose constraints of normal organs and calculation algorithm, treatment plans of each eligible patient were re-generated with...

A study was conducted to determine the influence of different particle size limestone in layer diets on egg production and eggshell quality during the later stages of egg production (>54 weeks of age). Calcitic limestone (360 g Ca/kg), consisting of small (<1.0 mm), medium (1.0 2.0 mm) and large (2.0 3.8 mm) particles were obtained from a specific South African source that is extensively used i...

Shell resource utilization in two common species of hermit crabs, Calcinus latens (Randall) and Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards), from intertidal and subtidal zones at Kenting, southern Taiwan, was studied. Field data were compared with laboratory results in shell-selection tests. Shell parameters examined included shell length, shell width, aperture length, aperture width, and weight in s...

A Reissner-Mindlin shell formulation based on a degenerated solid is implemented for NURBS-based isogeometric analysis. The performance of the approach is examined on a set of linear elastic and nonlinear elasto-plastic benchmark examples. The analyses were performed with LS-DYNA, an industrial, general-purpose finite element code, for which a user-defined shell element capability was implement...

Egg shell quality and egg internal quality are of major importance to the egg industry worldwide. This review covers the formation of the hen’s egg and ways of measuring egg shell quality and egg internal quality. Egg shell quality may be measured as egg size, egg specific gravity and shell color, shell breaking strength, shell deformation (destructive or non-destructive), shell weight, percent...

This paper deals with free vibration analysis of continuously graded fiber reinforced (CGFR) truncated conical shell based on third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT), by developing special power-law distributions. The orthotropic (CGFR) truncated conical shell are clamped and simply supported at the both ends. It is assumed to have a smooth variation of fibers volume fraction in the thickne...

In this article, the prominence has been given to study the influence of skew angle on bending response of functionally graded material shell panels under thermo-mechanical environment. Derivation of governing equations is based on the Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory and Sander’s kinematic equations. To circumvent the problem of C1 continuity requirement coupled with the finite el...