Eight out of 12 unselected patients with Shy-Drager syndrome were found to have severe bilateral paresis of vocal cord abduction by fibre-optic laryngoscopy. This commonly presented as increased snoring followed by episodes of inspiratory and expiratory stridor and sometimes by sleep apnoea. Respiratory failure eventually developed in four cases and was reversed by tracheostomy. In another pati...

Australian Eocene-Oligocene Ostracoda have been little reported hitherto, this paper representing the first substantial taxonomic study. The 80 species which we identified came from Late Eocene Gull Rock Member of Blanche Point Formation in Willunga Embayment, South Australia (16 species) and lower fossiliferous bed Oligocene Angahook at Bells Headland, Victoria (70 species); only 6 are common ...

Live fibre bundles were isolated from the fast myotomal muscle of short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius L.) and isometric contractile properties and the force­velocity (P­V) relationship determined at 5, 10 and 15 °C. Experiments were carried out on winter- and summer-caught sculpins and on individuals acclimated for 6­8 weeks to either 5 or 15 °C (12 h:12 h light:dar...

Gill O2 uptake, CO2 excretion, ventilation and blood respiratory/acid­base variables were evaluated in control and softwater-acclimated trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to test the hypothesis that gill chloride cell (CC) proliferation, elicited by 2 weeks of softwater exposure, impairs the diffusion of respiratory gases across the gill. The proliferation of CCs in softwater fish was verified usi...

Abstract Since the 1950s musk deer (Moschidae) are kept in captivity for production of musk, a glandular secretion used Chinese traditional medicine and as an ingredient cosmetics. Most recently, forest (Moschus berezovskii) raised were reintroduced to augment depleted wild populations. The most prominent behavioral social characteristics anxiety, timid, solitary lifestyle territoriality, makin...