Hypoxic exercise exerts a significant effect on body weight loss and fat reduction. Methods: In the present study, we constructed an obese rat model divided rats into following groups: Normoxic quiet (C), (H), Exercise (CE), (HE). We employed isobaric tags for relative absolute quantification (iTRAQ) using proteomic technology to screen differentially expressed proteins in four groups. Addition...

It has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) pathway may exhibit broad effects on function of this network and might contribute to a range of human diseases. However, the extent to which these variations affect TLR signaling is not well understood. In this study, we adopted a bioinformatics approach to predict the consequences...

introduction: malignant astrocytic gliomas are the most common and lethal brain malignancies due to their refractory to the current therapies. nowadays, molecular targeted therapy has attracted great attention in treatment of glioma. connexin 43 (cx43) and micro ribonucleic acid- 21(mir-21) are among molecules that are involved in glioma development and progression. these molecules showed poten...

Hill et al. claimed in previous work that sonic hedgehog signalling pathway is an essential regulator of astrocytes development. We present here a formalization claim, stating all things class “smoothened signaling pathway” are the context thing “human” mostly have relation type “affects” to “astrocyte development” same context.

Apelin is a recently discovered bioactive peptide, known to be an endogenous high-affinity ligandfor the previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin/APJ as a novel signaling pathwayhas been shown to play many crucial roles in cardiovascular function, blood pressure regulation, fluidhomeostasis, feeding behavior, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adipoinsular axis regulation, cellp...

In this review, we aim to examine the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on spermatogenesis process taking into account a complex signaling pathway. Primarily, it is suggested that retinoic acid (RA) has a vital function in spermatogenesis process and it is considered to be essential for completion of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa. In the present review, the key effects of retino...

Macrophages are known to play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis; however, molecular signaling pathways macrophages that responsible for plaque rupture have not been fully identified. This study aims identify biomarkers therapy targets atherosclerotic conditions by systematic review. Research procedure reviews using PRISMA protocol. The search engine used thi...