Impressive progress has been made in global surgery in the past 10 years, and now serious and evidence-based national strategies are being developed for scaling-up surgical services in sub-Saharan Africa. Key to achieving this goal requires developing a realistic country-based estimate of burden of surgical disease, developing an accurate estimate of existing need, deve...

The uniaxial structure of Si and Ge (001) facets leads to nontrivial topological properties of steps and hence to interesting equilibrium phase transitions. The disordered flat phase and the preroughening transition can be stabilized without the need for step-step interactions. A model describing this is studied numerically by transfer matrix type finite-size-scaling of interface free energies....

We report a versatile method to polarize single nuclear spins in diamond, based on optical pumping of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect and mediated by a level anticrossing in its excited state. A nuclear-spin polarization higher than 98% is achieved at room temperature for the 15N nuclear spin associated with the NV center, corresponding to microK effective nuclear-spin temperature. We the...

We use extensive Monte Carlo transfer matrix calculations on infinite strips of widths L up to 30 lattice spacing and a finite-size scaling analysis to obtain critical exponents and conformal anomaly number c for the twodimensional XY -Ising model. This model is expected to describe the critical behavior of a class of systems with simultaneous U(1) and Z2 symmetries of which the fully frustrate...

We present a framework for the quantum enhanced estimation of multiple parameters corresponding to noncommuting unitary generators. Our formalism provides a recipe for the simultaneous estimation of all three components of a magnetic field. We propose a probe state that surpasses the precision of estimating the three components individually, and we discuss measurements that come close to attain...

We present a technique for simultaneous power-combining and wavelength-conversion of multiple fiber lasers into a single, longer wavelength in a different band through Raman-based, nonlinear power combining. We illustrate this by power combining of two independent Ytterbium lasers into a single wavelength around 1.5micron with high output powers of upto 99W. A high conversion efficiency of ~64%...

The chiral glass behaviour of the nearest-neighbour random-bond XY spin glass in four dimensions is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. A chiral glass transition at T cg = 0.90 ± 0.05 is found by a finite-size scaling analysis of the results. The associated chiral correlation-length exponent is estimated to be ν cg = 0.6 ± 0.1 and η cg ∼ 0.25. The values for the chiral critical temperature and ...

Most of statistical machine translation systems are combinations of various models, and tuning of the scaling factors is an important step. However, this optimisation problem is hard because the objective function has many local minima and the available algorithms cannot achieve a global optimum. Consequently, optimisations starting from different initial settings can converge to fairly differe...

This article provides an introduction to Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM), with the focus on probabilistic SLAM utilizing a feature-based description of the environment. A probabilistic formulation of the SLAM problem is introduced, and a solution based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF-SLAM) is shown. Important issues of convergence, consistency, observability, data association an...

In our previous work [BSZ2], we proved that the correlation functions for simultaneous zeros of random generalized polynomials have universal scaling limits and we gave explicit formulas for pair correlations in codimensions 1 and 2. The purpose of this paper is to compute these universal limits in all dimensions and codimensions. First, we use a supersymmetry method to express the n-point corr...