Protein and operon fusions between the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene, sodA, and genes of the lactose operon were constructed in an attempt to explore the effects of various factors on MnSOD expression and the level at which they operate. In sodA-lacZ protein fusions, induction of beta-galactosidase perfectly mimicked MnSOD induction (i.e., beta-galactosidase was not expressed in a...

Nitrogen dioxide is formed during delivery of inhaled nitric oxide for the treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Soda lime has been shown to absorb nitrogen dioxide. We tested three different commercially available soda lime preparations (Sodasorb, Drägersorb 800 and Sofnolime) for their efficacy in absorbing nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide during simulated nitric oxide inhalatio...

Streptococcus pneumoniae requires manganese for colonization of the human host, but the underlying molecular basis for this requirement has not been elucidated. Recently, it was shown that zinc could compromise manganese uptake and that zinc levels increased during infection by S. pneumoniae in all the niches that it colonized. Here we show, by quantitative means, that extracellular zinc acts i...

Reducing consumption of calories from added sugars is a recommendation of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and an objective of Healthy People 2020. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are major sources of added sugars in the diets of U.S. residents. Daily SSB consumption is associated with obesity and other chronic health conditions, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. U.S. adul...

The efficiency of the carbon dioxide absorption by soda lime was determined in the following way. (1) " Circle " breathing. In six experiments, a subject breathing through a Waters canister fully packed with 425 g of fresh soda lime was connected to a closed circuit spirometer as described by Erikson et al. (1951). The expired air then passed the canister before entering the spirometer where th...

FOR patients who are breathing spontaneously the Magill attachment or system A (Mapleson, 1954) is the most widely used semiclosed anaesthetic system. A theoretical analysis predicted that if the freshgas inflow were made at least equal to the patient's minute-volume ventilation, then rebreathing would be eliminated (Mapleson, 1954). A similar conclusion has been reached experimentally by vario...