Underground oil pipelines are made of pressurized pipes, and when damage occurs, the consequences can be disastrous. Pipeline accidents caused by stress can be attributed to material corrosion, impractical design, manufacturing defect, environmental damage, and man-made destruction. In this study, by utilizing the stress analysis software CAESAR II, the stress of pipelines in high and steep slo...

background economic consequence analysis is vital for recognizing pipeline comprehensive risk analysis and emergency response planning. objectives the purpose of this study was to estimate economic loss due to fire and explosion in petrochemical feed and product pipelines. materials and methods the present study which performed on 47 pipelines of a petrochemical special zone, pertinent pipeline...

CSP channels are proposed as a means of developing high-level, asynchronous pipeline architectures over and above existing synchronous logic. Channel-based design allows hardware systems to be designed and constructed using top-down software engineering methods, which have not previously been available within hardware-software co-design. The intention is to enhance support for future large-scal...