Submergence stress can greatly limit grain yield of inbred rice (Oryza sativa L.), but the effects submergence on hybrid are unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to clarify that happens at vegetative growth stage two Chinese cultivars. The cultivars Zheyou-18, an indica-japonica hybrid, and Yliangyou-689, indica were planted under treatments, (43 cm depth tap water for about 2 wk) control (n...

Rice is a staple food and one of the most crucial crops globally, providing sustenance for more than half world's population. Climate change has impact on agricultural sector, particularly rice cultivation, due to increase in abiotic stress incidences. Salinity severe stresses production globally. Salt significantly reduces growth performance, affecting various metabolic physiological processes...

An experimental study has been carried out to characterize bubble formation, growth, and detachment mechanisms in a stagnant liquid column. Both bubble frequency and bubble detachment size were measured in different gas flow rates, injector diameters and orientations, submergence height, and liquid properties. Experiments were performed for air injection flow rate ranges between 200 mlph and 12...