Spacing subshifts are a class of subshifts of a full shift on two symbols, defined in a superficially similar fashion to S-gap shifts. They were introduced by Lau and Zame in 1973 to give accessible examples of maps that are weakly (topologically) mixing but not strongly mixing, but have attracted little attention since. This talk will discuss the variety of topological dynamical behaviours the...

Currently, the study of surfactant proteins is much in vogue, but, in the early days, the physics underlying surfactant function was treated somewhat superficially, leaving assumptions that have become culturally embedded, such as the "bubble" model of the alveolus. This review selectively reexamines these assumptions, comparing each combination of alveolar model and role of surfactant for comp...

An unusual origin of the common interosseous artery is reported in the paper. During educational dissection of a 37-year-old male, a rare variation in the origin of common interosseous artery of the right upper limb was observed. The common interosseous artery directly separated from radial artery. The right anterior interosseous artery is continued from common interosseous artery. Anterior and...

Lagenophora schmidiae de Lange & Jian Wang ter sp. nov. (Asteraceae) is described, illustrated and differentiated from L. montana Hook.f. The new species was first recorded Aotearoa / New Zealand in 1974, when it identified as montana. This relatively recent recognition reflects part the fact that extremely uncommon, has often been confused with superficially similar barkeri Kirk, which gro...

The purpose of this paper is to describe two cases of a hitherto unknown syndrome superficially resembling myotonia. Detailed studies have helped to separate this syndrome of continuous musclefibre activity from a group of 100 myotonic subjects, and it will be referred to in this paper as the 'syndrome of continuous muscle-fibre activity'. This descriptive label has been chosen, though the more...

The virilisation of a female fetus by overproduction of adrenal androgens secreted by an adrenal gland with 21-hydroxylase deficiency is well known. Although reconstructive genital surgery can greatly improve matters, the long term outlook for reproduction is extremely poor for many reasons, including anatomy. 2 The idea of prenatal treatment of 21hydroxylase deficiency by administering glucoco...

The paradigm of “buffering” is applied to multiple phenomena of diverse nature. Similarly, a great variety of units for the quantitation of buffering action has been proposed. Fundamental aspects regarding the definition and quantitation of “buffering” remain unclear or unresolved. i) Is there a single common principle behind these diverse buffering phenomena? Or is “buffer” an equivocal label ...

Fostering reflective practice is an integral part of continuing professional development and general training. However, popular tools are often applied superficially, with little insight generated as a result. This article presents engagement poetry unique method reflection, which can enable clinicians to reflect on challenging experiences including those encountered during the COVID-19 pandemi...

Many biological phenomena do not have adequate mathematical representations. This is because living systems use structures that are not yet grasped by our present conceptions of mathematics and computation. In particular they are circularly organized and they use recursions. Mathematics and computation at the present time deal only superficially with circular organization or the consequences of...