This paper addresses the concept of load balancing in operation parallel insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which temperature is used as main control parameter. In IGBT operation, it essential to ensure an equal distribution across all IGBTs. Two basic algorithm concepts for were developed purpose balancing. A test model based on IGBTs was assembled a laboratory and algorithms tested c...

We study the temperature control problem for Langevin diffusions in context of non-convex optimization. The classical optimal such a is bang-bang type, which overly sensitive to errors. A remedy allow explore other values and hence smooth out control. accomplish this by stochastic relaxed formulation incorporating randomization regularizing its entropy. derive state-dependent, truncated exponen...

Increased temperature will result in longer, more frequent, and more intense heat waves. Changes in temperature variability have been deemed necessary to account for future heat wave characteristics. However, this has been quantified only in Europe and North America, while the rest of the globe remains unexplored. Using late century global climate projections, we show that annual mean temperatu...