The human brain is a particularly demanding system to infer its nature from observations. Thus, there is on one hand plenty of room for theorizing and on the other hand a pressing need for a rigorous theory. We apply statistical mechanics of open systems to describe the brain as a hierarchical system in consuming free energy in least time. This holistic tenet accounts for cellular metabolism, n...

A central tenet of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards (1989, 2000) has been that all students can succeed in complex mathematics. This tenet is commonly referred to as the equity principle, and while it is acknowledged that students do not need to be treated in the same way, the NCTM Standards and other influential policy documents (e.g., Measuring What Counts, Nat...

The specific cellular underpinnings or mechanisms of insulin resistance (IR) are not clear. Here I present evidence to support a causal association between mitochondrial energetics and IR. A large body of literature indicates that mitochondrial capacity for oxidative metabolism is lower in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. Whether or not mitochondria play a causal role in IR is hotly debated. ...

Abstract This article refines a foundational tenet of rational choice theory known as the principle description invariance. Attempts to apply this human agents with imperfect knowledge have paid insufficient attention two aspects: first, agents’ epistemic situations, i.e. whether and when they recognize alternative descriptions an object be equivalent; second, individuation objects description,...

Agile management prescribes a set of structures and processes to help teams respond change. This article presents an in-depth case study examining how high- low-agility nursing differed in their response the COVID-19 pandemic, organizational restructuring, floods. It unveils crucial role “affective leaders” high-agility during those crises. These leaders constructed positive emotional experienc...

A fundamental tenet of visual science is that the detailed properties of visual systems are not capricious accidents, but are closely matched by evolution and neonatal experience to the environments and lifestyles in which those visual systems must work. This has been shown most convincingly for fish and insects. For mammalian vision, however, this tenet is based more upon theoretical arguments...

The instrumental use of social networks has become a central tenet of international health policy and advocacy since the Millennium project. In asking, ‘How to facilitate social contagion?’, Karl Blanchet of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine therefore reflects not only on the recent success, but also hints to growing challenges; the tactics of partnerships, alliances and platfo...

Reflexivity is a central tenet of qualitative research. Engaging in self-reflexive praxis allows researchers to identify areas tension the research process that need be further deconstructed. In this paper, we draw on our collective self-reflective experiences as health whose scholarship informed by critical and postcolonial feminist epistemologies offer some guidance how approach concept insid...

Abstract ‘Reductive Evidentialism’ seeks to explain away all ‘structural’ requirements of rationality—including norms logical coherence—in terms ‘substantive’ rationality, i.e., responsiveness evidence. While this view constitutes a novel take on the source normativity logic, I argue that it faces serious difficulties. My argument, in nutshell, is assumption individuals with same evidence can h...