In this paper we discuss the two-step simulation hypothesis of negation processing proposed by Kaup et al. [3,4] with regard to negating two sorts of predicates: those with clear opposites (“long” vs “short”, “closed” vs “open”) and those without clear opposites (“red”, “triangle”). The hypothesis by Kaup et alia predicts that negation is integrated into sentence meaning on the later stage of s...

The debate surrounding how emotion and cognition are organized in the brain has recently been drawn toward Damasio’s Somatic Marker Hypothesis. The theory endorses a highly interactive process that emotion has with cognition, but has been criticized for: 1) being too broad to capture the specific processes that emotion offers cognition, and 2) implicitly endorsing that emotion operates from a s...

We introduce and empirically evaluate the strategy-affordance hypothesis, which holds that individual differences in strategy use will mediate the relationship between performance on a working memory (WM) span task and another cognitive task only when the same strategies are afforded by both tasks. One-hundred and forty eight participants completed basic memory tasks and verbal span tasks that ...

social cognition is defined as the capacity to generate, perceive and interpret and responses to the dispositions, intentions and behaviors of other people. it includes different specific cognitive processes that underlie social interactions. four domains of social cognition are named theory of mind (also known as mentalizing), emotion recognition, social perception and attributional style. anx...

This study investigated the effect of sequencing tasks from simple to complex along +/- reasoning demands on fluency in writing task performance of English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The participants of this study included 90 intermediate EFL learners from three intact class divisions at the Islamic Azad Uni- versity, Shahr-e-Qods Branch. They were distributed in three groups: Experime...

Today, learners’ interaction and collaborative task performance have attracted increasing attention from language teachers and researchers. The present study investigated whether collaborative pre-planning, task complexity manipulation, and language proficiency level play a role in learners’ interactions. To this end, 128 EFL learners from two different language proficiency levels carried out t...

Executive functions represent a set of processes in goal-directed cognition that depend on integrated cortical-basal ganglia brain systems and form the basis flexible human behaviour. Several computational models have been proposed for studying cognitive flexibility as key executive function Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) represents an important neuropsychological tool to investigate it. Th...

Philosophers and cognitive scientists alike have recently been interested in whether cognition extends beyond the boundaries of skin skull into environment. However, extended hypothesis has suffered many objections over past few decades. In this paper, I explore option control extending human boundary. My aim is to convince reader three things: (1) that can be implemented artifacts, (2) humans ...