The purpose of this study is to review past works in water demands and sustainable supply planning Nigeria as reported by many researchers determine how improve the infrastructure sustainably. endowed with abundant surface ground resources. mean annual rainfall along coast south east 4 800 mm while it less than 500 north east. These sources are not tapped fullest most them polluted unsafe for u...

In this paper the planning of closed loop supply chains is studied where both. forward and return flows are integrated considering their simultaneous coordination. The product supply and returns are then considered explicitly at the planning level of the supply chain optimization. Two different approaches are developed and implemented to model the supply chain optimal planning problem: a discre...

Since the early 1990s, organizations have focused on making smarter decisions in their integrated supply chain central planning, but the representation of capacity and cycle time has remained static and linear in contrast to its complex nature. This includes central planning for firms with semiconductor fabrication facilities (FABS) as a component of a complex demand supply network(DSN) where m...

A supply chain is a worldwide network of suppliers, manufactures, warehouses, distribution centers, and retailers through which raw materials are acquired, transformed, and delivered to customers. In recent years, a new system approach for managing the supply chain at the tactical and operational levels has emerged. It views a supply chain as composed of a set of intelligent (software) agents, ...

In this paper, a model for hybrid transmission expansion planning (TEP) and reactive power planning (RPP) considering demand response (DR) model has been presented. In this study RPP considered by TEP for its effects on lines capacity and reduction of system expansion costs. On the other hand the expansion of the transmission system is an important subject, especially dealing with the new i...

Urban water supply systems may be managed through supply-side and demand-side strategies, which focus on water source expansion and demand reductions, respectively. Supply-side strategies bear infrastructure and energy costs, while demand-side strategies bear costs of implementation and inconvenience to consumers. To evaluate the performance of demand-side strategies, the participation and wate...

the objective of this paper is econometric analysis of iranian agricultural products markets (case study ofpotatoes) by using equilibrium and disequilibrium techniques. sections i and ii proceeds by classification of disequilibrium econometric literature and supply and demand analysis for agriculural products, respectively. in the other parts ofpaper potato market lif iran was hypothesized and ...

The ability to forecast manpower requirements is crucial for an industry. On the demand side, companies rely on these forecasts to formulate their manpower planning strategies, while, on the supply side, they provide job seekers with a basis to assess the attractiveness of a given sector. Forecasts of supply and demand for manpower also make an important contribution to the governmental policy-...