Effects of surface states on breakdown characteristics of narrowly-recessed-gate GaAs MESFETs are studied by two-dimensional simulation. Particularly, it is discussed how the characteristics depend on the surface-state densities and on the recess structure parameters. It is shown that the breakdown voltage could be raised when moderate densities of surface states are included. However, it is su...

In an era of increasing global competition and an increased interest in global clinical studies Japan has been concerned with the risk of losing its attractiveness due to perceived longer execution times and higher cost structure. In contrast, other Asian countries particularly China and Singapore are widely recognized as potential key centers for fast conduction of global clinical studies. We ...

X-band accelerator structures, meeting the Next Linear Collider (NLC) design requirements, have been found to suffer damage due to radio frequency (RF) breakdown when processed to high gradients [1]. Improved understanding of these breakdown events is desirable for the development of structure designs, fabrication procedures, and processing techniques that minimize structure damage. Using an ar...

This paper investigates how reduced access to traditional land impacts the culture of community harvest and knowledge sharing and Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Indigenous groups. This is achieved through an analytical model based on community formation from facing risk and the associated incentive-compatibility conditions. Numerical simulations are used to highlight long term effects of l...

Titanium is a highly reactive metal so that a thin layer of oxide forms on its surface whenever exposed to the air or other environments containing oxygen. This layer increases the corrosion resistance of titanium. The oxide film is electrochemically formed through anodizing. In this study, anodizing of titanium was performed in phosphate-base solutions such as H3Po4, NaH2Po4, and Na2Hpo4 at 9....