The zebrafish embryo test is a widely used bioassay for the testing of chemicals, effluents and other types of environmental samples. Oxygen depletion in the testing of sediments and effluents is especially important and may be a confounding factor in the interpretation of apparent toxicity. In order to identify oxygen levels critical to early developmental stages of zebrafish, oxygen consumpti...

Recently, several researchers have attempted to address Deepwater Horizon incident environmental fate and effects issues using laboratory testing and extrapolation procedures that are not fully reliable measures for environmental assessments. The 2013 Rico-Martínez et al. publication utilized laboratory testing approaches that severely limit our ability to reliably extrapolate such results to m...

The joint toxicity of nonylamine and decylamine and of atrazine and decylamine was evaluated in assays with the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum based on an isobologram method. In this method, curves of constant response, isoboles, are plotted versus concentrations of two toxicants. The response parameter was growth rate based on biomass, and several response levels were used. Dose-response...

It is generally accepted that the bioavailability of metals in sediments is influenced by the presence of acid volatile sulfides (AVS). The pore water hypothesis predicts that, if the molar concentration of simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in a sediment is smaller than the molar concentration of AVS, the free metal ion activity in the pore water is very small and that consequently no metal...

The primary inflammatory response of rabbits to intradermal injection of bacterial products has been used as the basis of a sensitive assay for endotoxins. Injection of materials into the skin of the lateral surfaces, rather than the ventral surface of the abdomen, was essential. The method was evaluated by comparison with the mouse toxicity test. Statistical examination revealed an excellent c...

Toxicity testing is conducted to determine the potential human health hazards of chemicals and products. Acute systemic toxicity testing is used to properly classify and appropriately label materials with regard to their lethality potential in accordance with established regulatory requirements (49 CFR 173; 16 CFR 1500; 29 CFR 1910; 40 CFR 156). Non-lethal parameters may also be evaluated in ac...

Platinum compounds constitute a discrete class of DNA-damaging anticancer drug agents, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. The toxicity of such drugs raises the problem of waste detoxification. Diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDTC) is recommended by the World Heath Organization (WHO) for the destruction of cisplatin, but the degradation product has not been structurally characterized. T...

Despite evidence of contamination in Antarctic coastal marine environments, no water-quality guidelines have been established for the region because of a paucity of biological effects data for local Antarctic species. Currently, there is limited information on the sensitivity of Antarctic microalgae to metal contamination, which is exacerbated by the lack of standard toxicity testing protocols ...

WAC 173-205-010 Purpose. 173-205-020 Definitions. 173-205-030 Applicability. 173-205-040 Determining the need for effluent characterization. 173-205-050 Effluent testing for toxicity. 173-205-060 Additional effluent characterizations. 173-205-070 Monitoring for compliance with whole effluent toxicity limits. 173-205-080 Samples for whole effluent toxicity testing. 173-205-090 Response to noncom...

Traditional toxicity testing using animal models is slow, low capacity, expensive and assesses a limited number of endpoints. Such approaches are inadequate to deal with the increasingly large number of compounds found in the environment for which there are no toxicity data. Mechanism-centered high-throughput testing represents an alternative approach to meet this pressing need but is limited b...