Despite being located at the crossroads of Asia, genetics of the Afghanistan populations have been largely overlooked. It is currently inhabited by five major ethnic populations: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek and Turkmen. Here we present autosomal from a subset of our samples, mitochondrial and Y- chromosome data from over 500 Afghan samples among these 5 ethnic groups. This Afghan data was sup...

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effect of group positive parenting program training on reducing externalizing behaviors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) in Turkmen families. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial in 2013, 22 mothers of children with ADHD from Kalaleh, Golestan Province, were randomly divided into two groups: positive parenting prog...

The impact of the Mongol invasions of the Middle East has been the subject of extensive research, especially in the last few decades. Scholars have evaluated the damage and the benefits brought by the Mongols to the Islamic world in different fields such as the military, religion, politics, economy and culture. Despite this, in the case of Anatolia, the Mongol period is still under-studied when...

The eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) has attracted significant attention from both industry and academia, and has become the de facto standard for the specification of access control policies. However, its XML-based verbose syntax and rich set of constructs make the authoring of XACML policies difficult and error-prone. Several automated tools have been proposed to analyze XACM...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to collect informative data on the parasitic infection of wild rodents, emphasizing on finding parasites, which have medical importance to human. METHODS During 2012-2014, a total number of 91 wild rodents were captured from rural areas of Turkmen Sahra, Golestan Province, using handmade traps. Animals were anesthetized, surveyed for any ectoparasite and th...

Traditional toys and various handcrafted items constitute an important part of the children’s world. Toys are not just fun, but also element in upbringing development child. With help toys, children learn about world around them, to establish social ties, prepare themselves for adulthood. Archaeological finds demonstrate that were made on territory Turkmenistan already Bronze Age their producti...

Background: Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is essential in protecting women from the devastating effects these infections. This first study that attempts to assess knowledge about one most embarrassing with Islamic Turkmen culture.Purpose: aimed women’s STDs Telafer City and its association sociodemographic factors.Methods: cross-sectional involved 451 over 18 years old Telfe...

BACKGROUND Anogenital distance (AGD) is a feasible and accepted parameter of exogenous or endogenous androgens effects on development of reproductive system. OBJECTIVES Since there is no report on penile length (PL) and AGD in our region, we investigated these parameters in male newborns in Golestan Province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured stretched PL...

The Iranian population includes several ethnic groups scattered throughout Iran, which differ with regard to their rates for cancer. An infamous 'Asian esophageal cancer belt'stretches to the east from the Caspian littoral in Iran via Turkmenistan to the Northern provinces of China. Apart from the eastern part of the Caspian littoral area of Iran which has the highest incidence of esophageal ca...