In solving mathematical equations, it is often sufficient to find approximate solutions; in answering database queries, very often the situation is similar. To formulate the notion of approximation, the neighborhood system or topology is introduced into the relational model called topological data model. Moreover, when a knowledge base is derived from a database, a neighborhood system can also ...

In this paper, new definitions of $L$-fuzzy closure operator, $L$-fuzzy interior operator, $L$-fuzzy remote neighborhood system, $L$-fuzzy neighborhood system and $L$-fuzzy quasi-coincident neighborhood system are proposed. It is proved that the category of $L$-fuzzy closure spaces, the category of $L$-fuzzy interior spaces, the category of $L$-fuzzy remote neighborhood spaces, the category of ...

regarding iranian old cities, neighborhood has been a real place to live, a space for social interaction as well as economic activities. the concept of neighborhood has always been accompanied with senses of well-being, security and identity. in parallel with urban developments and changing lifestyles, neighborhoods have also faced the significant changes. in tehran as the capital, the changes ...

background: the purpose of this study is to determine association between personal, family, neighborhood, and social network characteristics and perceived intimacy in the neighborhood by the women. methods: in this cross‑sectional study, we applied a two‑stage sampling method to choose a representative sample of 150 married women and housewives, aged 15 to 49 years, who had education between si...

Introduction Rabies is an infectious disease which was and remains to be one of the most serious diseases of all species of hematothermal animals and humans, in many regions of the world. The epizootic situation on rabies in the Republic of Azerbaijan has been unfavorable for many years, which is confirmed by scientific data and the veterinary cases reporting in the EIDSS system. This system wa...

The essence of the gravitomagnetic clock effect is properly defined showing that its origin is in the topology of world lines with closed space projections. It is shown that, in weak field approximation and for a spherically symmetric central body, the loss of synchrony between two clocks counter-rotating along a circular geodesic is proportional to the angular momentum of the source of the gra...

Main methods, algorithms and applications of the Variable Neighborhood Search metaheuristic are surveyed, in view of a chapter of the Encyclopedia of Optimization.