In this paper, we present analysis on the operation and architecture of the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)based ADC is presented. The VCO-based quantizer is analyzed for two different architectures, one using a frequency-todigital converter (FDC) the other a time-to-digital converter (TDC). The advantages of quantizing the first-stage residue in time domain versus with a voltage domain are...

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) merupakan produk olahan santan kelapa yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan kegunaan terutama di bidang kesehatan, kecantikan serta kosmetik. VCO membuka suatu peluang usaha untuk dapat dipasarkan ke masyarakat. Dalam proses memproduksi VCO, perlu diperhatikan beberapa hal, salah satunya adalah penentuan lokasi pabrik. Hal ini ditentukan berdasarkan ketersediaan bahan baku, ...

The modern communication technologies require the use of CMOS monolithic oscillators because of their small manufacturing costs and high integration capabilities. The disadvantages of CMOS ring oscillators can be compensated through the use of a VCO architecture. The control voltage of this VCO should compensate for the frequency drift due to process and temperature.

Oscillatory interference models account for the spatial firing properties of grid cells in terms of neuronal oscillators with frequencies modulated by the animal's movement velocity. The phase of such a "velocity-controlled oscillator" (VCO) relative to a baseline (theta-band) oscillation tracks displacement along a preferred direction. Input from multiple VCOs with appropriate preferred direct...

OBJECTIVES In patients with heart failure (HF), peak oxygen consumption (peak VO(2)), the relationship between minute ventilation and carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO(2) slope) and heart rate recovery (HRR) are established prognostic predictors. However, treadmill exercise has been shown to elicit higher peak VO(2) values than bicycle exercise. We sought to assess whether the VE/VCO(2) slope a...

Recently, the small size and the low power are required as the demand of the wireless communication application field increases. Because there are various problems that it is generated as the size and power consumption become smaller, many efforts are necessary in order to solve it. In the case of an oscillator, 1/f noise is increased as the size of chip becomes smaller. Therefore this affects ...

A novel fully integrated CMOS LC tank VCO is presented. The LC tanks are implemented by exploiting the active circuit ‘boot-strapped inductor’ (BSI), which behaves like a high-quality factor inductor. Particularly, the LC tanks have been implemented by introducing a new version of the CMOS BSI circuit, which provides better versatility and design reliability. In order to verify the effectivenes...

This paper describes the PLL designed for the analog front-end of the silicon tuner in the cable modem system. The PLL is used to generate clocks (150-175MHz) for the DAC and hence the phase noise (jitter) requirement is very aggressive (15ps rms, which is less than 1 degree of integrated phase error). Low noise design for all the main blocks was a key to achieve this. Care was taken to reduce ...