visual visual auditory auditory vestibular vestibular taste taste b Higher order visual Premotor Higher order somatosensory Higher order auditory c Inferior Temporal association Parietal-temporal-occipital association Prefrontal association d The 5 main subdivisions of the cerebral cortex. The primary sensory and motor areas. This is where most of the sensory information first arrives. Primary ...

“How many senses do you have?” Most of us would probably respond with the traditional five senses we were taught in school: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. However, there is an additional sensory modality that is essential in almost all our behaviours. The vestibular system is a sophisticated set of organs located in the inner ear. It comprises the semicircular canals, which detect rota...

Introduction Exposure to music is the subject of many studies because it is related to an individual's professional and social activities. Objectives Evaluate the vestibular behavior in military band musicians. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. Nineteen musicians with ages ranging from 21 to 46 years were evaluated (average = 33.7 years and standard deviation = 7.2 ye...

Introduction The vestibular system, which provides a signal of head motion to the brain, mediates functions of gaze and postural stabilisation via vestibular-ocular (VOR) and vestibular-spinal reflexes. The vestibular system is also key in generating sensations of selfmotion and spatial orientation required for navigation in the environment. The vestibular system influences these reflex and per...

HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to investigate the expected functional and morphologic effect of gentamicin on the vestibular system simultaneously by measurement of vestibular evoked potentials and electron microscopic evaluation. BACKGROUND Vestibular short-latency evoked potentials to linear acceleration have been shown to be a useful parameter of vestibular function. In gentamici...

Although the extraocular muscles contain stretch receptors it is generally believed that their afferents exert no influence on the control of eye movement. However, we have shown previously that these afferent signals reach various brainstem centres concerned with eye movement, notably the vestibular nuclei, and that the decerebrate pigeon is a favourable preparation in which to study their eff...

Effort towards the development of a vestibular implant for human use are being made. This paper will summarize the first important steps conducted in Geneva towards this ambitious goal. Basically, we have faced three major issues. First, an ethical issue. While it was clear that such development would require the collaboration of human volunteers, it was also clear that stimulation of the vesti...

The vestibular system is a sensory system that is critically important in humans for gaze and image stability as well as postural control. Patients with complete bilateral vestibular loss are severely disabled and experience a poor quality of life. There are very few effective treatment options for patients with no vestibular function. Over the last 10 years, rapid progress has been made in dev...

Elegant sensory structures in the inner ear have evolved to measure head motion. These vestibular receptors consist of highly conserved semicircular canals and otolith organs. Unlike other senses, vestibular information in the central nervous system becomes immediately multisensory and multimodal. There is no overt, readily recognizable conscious sensation from these organs, yet vestibular sign...

BACKGROUND It is a common occurrence in the balance function laboratory to evaluate patients in the post-acute period following unilateral vestibular system impairment. It is important to be able to differentiate spontaneous nystagmus (SN) emanating from peripheral vestibular system impairments from asymmetric gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN) that originates from central ocular motility impairment. ...