The influence of competition level on referees’ decision making was investigated. Referees’ decisions in 90 handball games (30 games X 3 competition levels) were observed in different situations related to the advantage rule, and 100 referees from two different level of expertise were subsequently asked to offer explanations for the competition-level effects from the first part of the study. Re...

The influence of player gender on referees’ decision making was experimentally investigated. In Experiment 1, including 145 male handball referees, we investigated (a) the influence of referees’ level of expertise on their decisional biases against women and (b) the referees’ gender stereotypes. Results revealed that biases against women were powerful regardless of the referees’ level of expert...

Editor THEORIA. (2023). Referees for THEORIA (2021-2022). An International Journal Theory, History and Foundations of Science, 38(1), 131–132. https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.24928

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and characteristics of injury and musculo-skeletal complaints in Swiss football referees of all levels. A representative sample of 489 Swiss referees was interviewed regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, refereeing qualifications, time spent in training and in matches, history of injuries and musculo-skeletal complaints cau...

The influence of competition level on referees’ decision making was investigated. Referees’ decisions in 90 handball games (30 games X 3 competition levels) were observed in different situations related to the advantage rule, and 100 referees from two different level of expertise were subsequently asked to offer explanations for the competition-level effects from the first part of the study. Re...