Hydraulic conductivity variations around the boreholes in uniformly graded sands for cyclic water injection pressure have been evaluated by laboratory tests. Prototype laboratory devices have been designed and constructed for this research. The cell has a capability to model the well, the boundary condition and to measure the hydraulic conductivity. While increasing water injection pressure, hy...

abstract: minimizing the work consumed in refrigeration system is the most effective measure to reduce the cost of products in sub-ambient chemical processes. the introduction of mixed working fluids into refrigeration system in place of pure working fluids is a recent advancement applied in the field. due to the lack of systematic design method for mixed refrigerant cycle (mrc), conventional a...

The aim of this study is to find the optimal water pressure and percentage of supply vapour in the feed water heaters (fwhs) of steam power plants, such that they maximize the thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle within pre-specified values of minimum and maximum pressures of the thermodynamic cycle. Thermal efficiency is defined as a function of unknown variables (fluid pressure and vap...

Diseases are rapidly urbanizing. Ageing infrastructures, high levels of inequality, poor urban governance, rapidly growing economies and highly dense and mobile populations all create environments rife for water-borne diseases. This article analyzes the role of institutions as crosscutting entities among a myriad of factors that breed water-borne diseases in the city of Ahmedabad, India. It app...

Aqueous fractionation of wood has been proposed as a suitable processing method for biorefineries. When treatments are performed under low severity conditions, water-soluble components (which could be detrimental in further processing stages) are removed, whereas polysaccharides, lignin, and other water-insoluble constituents remain in solid phase with little alteration. In order to explore the...

Abstract A sustainable urban water cycle is critical in terms of effective network management, efficient use resources, protection the environment and human health, reuse treated water. The objective this study to develop a novel assessment framework that evaluates data quality components current implementation levels wastewater management (WWM) practices, calculates performance indicators acco...

Free chlorine is an effective disinfectant for controlling adenoviruses in drinking water, but little is known about the underlying inactivation mechanisms. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular components of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) targeted by free chlorine during the inactivation process. The effects of free chlorine treatment on several Ad2 molecular components and assoc...

[1] Intensification of the Arctic hydrologic cycle and permafrost melt is expected as concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases increase. Quantifying hydrologic cycle change is difficult in remote northern regions; however, monitoring the stable isotopic composition of water runoff from Arctic rivers provides a means to investigate integrated basin-scale changes. We measured river water an...