BACKGROUND Although botulinum toxin A is frequently used to augment serial casting in the treatment of soft-tissue contractures in children with cerebral palsy, its effectiveness for this purpose has not been evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether botulinum toxin A injection increases the efficacy of serial casting. METHODS A prospective, randomized trial was und...

Phytoplankton species composition as well as amount of Chlorophyll-a and their relation to physico-chemical parameters were studied. The samples were collected monthly from October 1996 until September 1997 in two stations, i.e. Lavan and Douberkeh coastal waters. In this study, 65 phytoplankton species related to 3 groups of diatoms, dinoflagellats and Blue-Green Algae (24 genus and 44 species...

BACKGROUND Climate change and global warming have significant effects on human health. This systematic review presents the effects of the climate changes on pregnancy outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search process was conducted in electronic databases including ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using key words of "environmental temperature" "pregnancy" "low birth we...

there are some reports of decreased serum levels of 25(oh)d in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). to assess vitamin d status of the iranian diabetics, a pilot study was conducted on 90 subjects with either type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) (n= 30), t2dm (n= 30), or apparently healthy subjects (n= 30) during fall and winter of 2005. serum samples were...

two hundred and fifty day-old broiler chickens were housed in a high altitude farm and divided in two experimental groups (cold-exposed and control). at the age of 3 and 4 d, the cold-exposed chickens were exposed to 15?c for 3 h, while the control birds were reared under normal condition. during the period between 14 and 28 days, both groups of chickens were exposed to a low environmental temp...

● Baskground and aimr The scarcity and unpredictability of active pollinators during late winter in temperate areas tends to favour extended flowering seasons and increased floral longevity in early blooming species, which are usually pollinated by diverse sets of insects. Daphne laureola is a gynodioecious woody perennial that flowers from January to April in southern Spain, a period character...