BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about any variations in resource use and costs of care between stroke subtypes, especially nonhospital costs. The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of resource use and to estimate the first-year and lifetime costs for stroke subtypes. METHODS A cost-of-illness model was used to estimate the total first-year costs and lifetime costs of st...

Results We recorded a total cost up to 660 million dollars in the whole period of study, from asthma hospitalization. The annual cost in Brazil is about 44 million dollars/ year, which represents about 164.13 dollars for each event. Duration of a hospitalization in our country means 3,2 days per event, varying from 2,7 to 4,4 days. These costs varied from USD 50,476,829 in 2000 to USD 34,369,56...

Solid waste collection, transfer and transportation (SWCTT) is a fundamental component of solid waste management systems that contributes to both the costs and environmental emissions associated with managing solid waste. The objective of this study is to project the fuel consumption and fuel costs of SWCTT in Tehran from 2018 to 2032. A further objective is to evaluate the air pollutant emissi...

OBJECTIVE For patients with mild hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, this study compared estimates of total costs associated with managing cases under a policy of mandatory hospitalization in the Republic of Kazakhstan and estimates of total costs associated with managing cases in outpatient settings. Costs were estimated both from the perspective of the Ministry of Health and from a broader soc...

OBJECTIVE To map and measure the flows of financial resources for health research and development in Brazil for the years 2000-2002. METHODS After adapting the methodology developed for the Center for Economic Policy Research, data were collected on the sources and uses of resources for health research and development. RESULTS The annual average value of resources apportioned to health rese...

BACKGROUND Scaffolds are one of the three most important elements constituting the basic concept of regenerative medicine, and are included in the core technology of regenerative medicine along with stem cells and tissue engineering. Stem cells are very important technology because they are directly responsible for the regenerative treatment of the disease and the damaged tissue, but with regar...