Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad hoc network. It is a self-managed network of mobile routers connected by wireless links with no access point. Every mobile device or node in a network is independently controlled in autonomous mode. The mobile devices are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily. The wireless ad-hoc network is particularly vulnerable due to...

Ad-hoc networking capabilities have provided the flexibility needed to construct various types of networks without infrastructure base stations. Emerging products for sensor networks, such as Zigbee (1), use ad-hoc networking capabilities to construct networks. These sensor nodes can construct the network such as in outdoor fields and inside buildings without much effort on establishing the bas...

Ad-hoc networks that are connected with the infrastructure Internet are named hybrid ad-hoc networks. In 4G communications scenarios, hybrid ad-hoc networks seem to be valuable since they may increase the coverage of wireless networks with minor costs. Using them, terminals out of range of an access point or a base station, or not having adequate network interfaces, may reach the operator’s inf...

Wireless network are becoming popular now a days due their features like easy setup without the need of cabling. Wireless ad-hoc networks are a collection of mobile/semi-mobile nodes with no preestablished infrastructure, forming a temporary network. Each node in the network has a wireless Interface and communicates with each other over either radio frequency or infrared, that is, point to poin...

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides wireless and mobile communication between vehicles and infrastructure to improve the safety of transportation and make the journey more enjoyable. This system consists of many fixed and mobile nodes (Vehicles, Trains, Vessels, Air planes), Wireless and Wired Telecommunication Technologies to exchange information between mobile nodes or betwee...