haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs) is a fatal systemic disease of cattle and buffaloes. some control isachieved with administration of alum-precipitated or oil-adjuvanted killed whole-cell vaccines injectedsubcutaneously. these vaccines, however, provide only short-term immunity and for effective use, theyshould be administered annually. we constructed an aroa attenuated derivative of a pasteurella ...

The emergence of drug-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been reported in patients with prolonged administration of lamivudine, which is a potent drug for the prevention of HBV infection. Lamivudine-resistant HBV has several types of mutations at the YMDD motif of its DNA polymerase. We successfully demonstrated that monitoring the hybridization behavior in nanostructured reverse micelles en...

BACKGROUND Lamivudine inhibits replication of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is commonly used as part of antiretroviral therapy. The main limitation in the use of lamivudine is resistant mutation selection. Most of these mutations affect the YMDD motif of the HBV DNA polymerase. The resistance occurs through M550V or M550I aminoacid replacements. The M55...

Background and Objective: The drug resistance mutations are key elements in the failure of long-term treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The mutation in the YMDD motif in the P gene of HBV is the most critical factor in antiviral drug (especially lamivudine) resistance. This study aimed to assess the YMDD motif and other polymerase gene mutati...

the structural requirements for the inhibitor activity of various furan carboxanilide derivatives against succinate dehydrogenase complex (sdc) activity in mitochondria of either wild or mutant strains of ustilago maydis were investigated with the aid of hansch qsar analysis. it has been found that the inhibitor activity against both types of enzymes is best related to the ??? or ??m of the sub...

Long-term nucleoside analog therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related disease frequently results in the selection of mutant HBV strains that are resistant to therapy. Molecular studies of such drug-resistant variants are clearly warranted but have been difficult to do because of the lack of convenient and reliable in vitro culture systems for HBV. We previously developed a novel in vitro syst...