نتایج جستجو برای: zone pricing

تعداد نتایج: 141438  

Journal: :حقوق خصوصی 0
سید حسین صفایی استاد، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران وحید حسنی سنگانی دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

pricing of goods and services are one of the fundamental instrument of competition and prerequisite for a competetive market is the right to determine prices freely by undertakimgs. competition law has declared discriminative pricing as an anticompetetive practices in many jurisdiction while analysis specially in the scope of intellectual property rights shows that many form of price discrimina...

Journal: :Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 2011
Gérard P. Cachon Pnina Feldman

Should a …rm charge on a per-use basis or sell subscriptions when its service experiences congestion? Queueing-based models of pricing primarily focus on charging a fee per use of the service, in part because per-use pricing enables the …rm to regulate congestion raising the per-use price naturally reduces how frequently customers use a service. The …rm has less control over usage with subscrip...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه علوم پایه دامغان - دانشکده علوم پایه دامغان 1392

در این تحقیق به منظور مطالعه زیست چینه نگاری و محیط رسوبی سازند آسماری یک رخنمون در برش خرامه (جنوب شرق شیراز) به ضخامت 160 متر به همراه 70 مقطع نازک مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار گرفت. برش خرامه از نظر سنگ چینه شناسی شامل، آهک متوسط تا ضخیم لایه خاکستری کرم رنگ تا نخودی می باشد. بر اساس زیست چینه نگاری 18 جنس و 21 گونه از روزن داران بنتیک شناسایی گردید. در برش خرامه چهار بیوزن معرفی گردید. 1- numm...

Journal: :CoRR 2011
Huan He Ke Xu Ying Liu

With the fast development of video and voice network applications, CDN (Content Distribution Networks) and P2P (Peer-to-Peer) content distribution technologies have gradually matured. How to effectively use Internet resources thus has attracted more and more attentions. For the study of resource pricing, a whole pricing strategy containing pricing models, mechanisms and methods covers all the r...

2003
SeungJae Shin Martin B. Weiss

In this paper, we study the influence of QoS pricing strategy in the future QoS Internet market. We create a Bertrand duopoly game model with different pricing schemes: One ISP with flat rate pricing for its QoS service and the other ISP with two part tariff, a combined pricing scheme with flat rate and usage-sensitive pricing. Based on industry survey data, we conduct a simulation of a random ...

2007
Jianqing Fan Loriano Mancini

Financial models are largely used in option pricing. These physical models capture several salient features of asset price dynamics. The pricing performance can be significantly enhanced when they are combined with nonparametric learning approaches, that empirically learn and correct pricing errors through estimating state price distributions. In this paper, we propose a new semiparametric meth...

Journal: :iranian journal of pharmaceutical research 0
amir hashemi meshkini department of pharmacoeconomics and pharmaceutical administration, faculty of pharmacy, pharmaceutical policy research center, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, iran. khosro keshavarz department of pharmacoeconomics and pharmaceutical administration, faculty of pharmacy, pharmaceutical policy research center, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, iran. shekoufeh nikfar 1- department of pharmacoeconomics and pharmaceutical administration, faculty of pharmacy, pharmaceutical policy research center, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, iran. 2- food and drug laboratory research center, food and drug organization, ministry of health and medical education, tehran, iran. iman vazirian department of pharmaceutics, faculty of pharmacy, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, iran. abbas kebriaeezadeh department of pharmacoeconomics and pharmaceutical administration, faculty of pharmacy, pharmaceutical policy research center, tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, iran.

pharmacists are members of the healthcare teams that provide valuable services to society. their incentive to deliver such services is influenced by remuneration methods. in this study, we aimed to review the remuneration models for pharmacists’ services and the factors affecting the profitability of pharmacies in some selected countries, including france, ireland, canada and turkey, and compar...

Journal: :Information Economics and Policy 2015
Topi Miettinen Rune Stenbacka

We compare personalized and history-based pricing and show that personalized pricing harms consumer surplus and total welfare when evaluated over a two-period horizon. The model is characterized by two key features: 1. The discounted two-period profits are invariant to whether personalized or history-based pricing is applied because higher period-2 profits with personalized pricing are offset b...

2009
Aapo Länsiluoto

The right pricing of products is one of the most important issues concerning the development of companies’ financial performance. Prices should be low enough to attract customers and at the same time high enough to cover all the emerged costs and expected profits. This research illustrates how self-organizing maps (SOM) can be used for pricing purposes. We show how changes in a company’s pricin...

1998
Hans Glavitsch Fernando Alvarado

This paper studies congestion management based on congestion pricing as may be done by an Independent System Operator. Four main concepts are discussed: congestion pricing can lead to the same solution as an Optimal Power Flow, pricing need not have cost information available, good estimates of nonlinear cost coefficients are necessary, and pricing for congestion management is separable from pr...

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